ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ТРАНСУРЕТРАЛЬНОЙ БИОПСИИ В РАННЕМ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОМ ПЕРИОДЕ У БОЛЬНЫХ ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫМ РАКОМ МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

Objective: to monitor the efficacy of transurethral resection (TUR) of a urinary bladder tumor, which has performed under the standard conditions and by using fluorescence cystoscopy (FCS), to diagnose early bladder cancer (BC), and to determine tumor aggression and prognosis of the disease.Subjects and methods. 174 BC patients, who had undergone 4-6 weeks postoperatively re-endoscopy comprising routine cystoscopy (CS), FCS, and TUR biopsy of a postoperative scar area and fluorescent portions, were examined. Group 1 included 95 patients who had under- gone routine TUR; Group 2 consisted of 79 patients in whom TUR had performed under fluorescence guidance.  Results. Re-endoscopy revealed fluorescence portions in 56 (58.9%) patients in Group 1 and in 28 (35.4%) in Group 2. Endothelial tumors were found in 45 (47.4%) patients from Group 1 and in 19 (24.1%) from Group 2. In the latter, residual tumors were less frequently observed than those in Group 1 (24.1 and 47.4%, respectively; p < 0.005). Control endoscopic study of Tis identified in 15 (15.8%) of the 95 examinees in Group 1 and only in 4 (5.1%) of 79 in Group 2 (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the frequency of residual tumors (Ta stage) in Groups 1 and 2 patients (16.8 and 8.9%; p < 0.005). The differences in the frequency of residual papillary tumors at T1 stage were also significant in the analyzed groups (10.5 and 6.3%, respectively; p < 0.05). At the same time, the difference was insignificant in the incidence of a recurrence at T2 stage. Amongst 27 Group 1 patients with multiple urinary bladder involvement, residual tumors were identified in 14 (51.9%); these were present only in 4 (18.2%) of 22 patients from Group 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Early repeated CS and biopsy under fluorescence guidance should be recommended to patients with BC at stages Tis and Ta— T1 for the timely detection and removal of residual tumors and for the prevention of recurrences.  Цель исследования — контроль радикальности трансуретральной резекции (ТУР) опухоли мочевого пузыря, выполненной в стандартных условиях и с применением флюоресцентной цистоскопии (ФЦС), для диагностики ранних рецидивов рака мочевого пузыря (РМП) и определения степени агрессивности опухоли и прогноза течения заболевания.Материалы и методы. Обследованы 174 больных РМП, которым через 4—6 нед после операции выполнено повторное эндоскопическое исследование, включающее стандартную цистоскопию (ЦС), ФЦС и ТУР-биопсию области послеоперационного рубца и флюоресцирующих участков. 1-ю группу составили 95 больных, которым выполнялась традиционная ТУР, 2-ю — 79 пациентов, подвергшихся ТУР под флюоресцентным контролем.  Результаты. При повторном эндоскопическом обследовании участки флюоресценции обнаружены у 56 (58,9%) больных 1-й группы и у 28 (35,4%) — 2-й. Среди пациентов 1-й группы эндотелиальные опухоли выявлены у 45 (47,4%) человек, а среди больных 2-й группы — у 19 (24,1%). У больных 2-й группы резидуальные опухоли встречаются достоверно реже по сравнению с пациентами 1-й группы (24,1 и 47,4% соответственно, р<0,005). В 1-й группе при контрольном эндоскопическом обследовании Тis обнаружена у 15 (15,8%) из 95 обследованных больных, а во 2-й группе — только у 4 (5,1%) из 79 (р<0,001). Определена достоверная разница в частоте резидуальных опухолей стадии рТа у больных 1-й и 2-й групп (16,8 и 8,9%, p<0,005). Различия в частоте резидуальных папиллярных опухолей в стадии рТ1 в анализируемых группах также были достоверны (10,5 и 6,3% соответственно, р<0,05 ). В то же время разница в частоте встречаемости рецидива в стадии рТ2 была недостоверна. Среди 27 больных 1-й группы с множествен- ным поражением мочевого пузыря резидуальные опухоли обнаружены у 14 (51,9%), а из 22 больных 2-й группы — лишь у 4 (18,2%, р<0,001).Выводы. Ранняя повторная ЦС и биопсия с применением флюоресцентного контроля должны быть рекомендованы пациентам с РМП в стадиях Тis и Та—Т1 для своевременного выявления и удаления резидуальных опухолей и рецидивов.

Verification and Diagnostics Framework in ATLAS Trigger/DAQ

Trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) systems for modern HEP experiments are composed of thousands of hardware and software components depending on each other in a very complex manner. Typically, such systems are operated by non-expert shift operators, which are not aware of system functionality details. It is therefore necessary to help the operator to control the system and to minimize system down-time by providing knowledge-based facilities for automatic testing and verification of system components and also for error diagnostics and recovery. For this purpose, a verification and diagnostic framework was developed in the scope of ATLAS TDAQ. The verification functionality of the framework allows developers to configure simple low-level tests for any component in a TDAQ configuration. The test can be configured as one or more processes running on different hosts. The framework organizes tests in sequences, using knowledge about components hierarchy and dependencies, and allowing the operator to verify the functionality of any subset of the system. The diagnostics functionality includes the possibility to analyze the test results and diagnose detected errors, e.g. by starting additional tests and understanding reasons of failures. A conclusion about system functionality, error diagnosis and recovery advice are presented to the operator in a GUI. The current implementation uses the CLIPS expert system shell for knowledge representation and reasoning.Comment: Paper for the 2003 Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP03), La Jolla, Ca, USA, March 2003 (presented as poster). Format: PDF, using MSWord template, 5 pages, 6 figures. PSN TUGP00

Performance and scalability of the back-end sub-system in the ATLAS DAQ/EF prototype

The DAQ group of the future ATLAS experiment has developed a prototype system based on the trigger/DAQ architecture described in the ATLAS Technical Proposal to support studies of the full system functionality, architecture as well as available hardware and software technologies. One sub-system of this prototype is the back- end which encompasses the software needed to configure, control and monitor the DAQ, but excludes the processing and transportation of physics data. The back-end consists of a number of components including run control, configuration databases and message reporting system. The software has been developed using standard, external software technologies such as OO databases and CORBA. It has been ported to several C++ compilers and operating systems including Solaris, Linux, WNT and LynxOS. This paper gives an overview of the back-end software, its performance, scalability and current status. (17 refs)

The CD81 Partner EWI-2wint Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry

Two to three percent of the world's population is chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and thus at risk of developing liver cancer. Although precise mechanisms regulating HCV entry into hepatic cells are still unknown, several cell surface proteins have been identified as entry factors for this virus. Among these molecules, the tetraspanin CD81 is essential for HCV entry. Here, we have identified a partner of CD81, EWI-2wint, which is expressed in several cell lines but not in hepatocytes. Ectopic expression of EWI-2wint in a hepatoma cell line susceptible to HCV infection blocked viral entry by inhibiting the interaction between the HCV envelope glycoproteins and CD81. This finding suggests that, in addition to the presence of specific entry factors in the hepatocytes, the lack of a specific inhibitor can contribute to the hepatotropism of HCV. This is the first example of a pathogen gaining entry into host cells that lack a specific inhibitory factor

The ATLAS Data Acquisition and High-Level Trigger: Concept, Design and Status

The Trigger and Data Acquisition system (TDAQ) of the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider is based on a multi-level selection process and a hierarchical acquisition tree. The system, consisting of a combination of custom electronics and commercial products from the computing and telecommunication industry, is required to provide an online selection power of 105 and a total throughput in the range of Terabit/sec. This paper introduces the basic system requirements and concepts, describes the architecture of the system, discusses the basic measurements supporting the validity of the design and reports on the actual status of construction and installation

Hepatocyte Permissiveness to Plasmodium Infection Is Conveyed by a Short and Structurally Conserved Region of the CD81 Large Extracellular Domain

Invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites is a prerequisite for establishment of a malaria infection, and thus represents an attractive target for anti-malarial interventions. Still, the molecular mechanisms underlying sporozoite invasion are largely unknown. We have previously reported that the tetraspanin CD81, a known receptor for the hepatitis C virus (HCV), is required on hepatocytes for infection by sporozoites of several Plasmodium species. Here we have characterized CD81 molecular determinants required for infection of hepatocytic cells by P. yoelii sporozoites. Using CD9/CD81 chimeras, we have identified in CD81 a 21 amino acid stretch located in a domain structurally conserved in the large extracellular loop of tetraspanins, which is sufficient in an otherwise CD9 background to confer susceptibility to P. yoelii infection. By site-directed mutagenesis, we have demonstrated the key role of a solvent-exposed region around residue D137 within this domain. A mAb that requires this region for optimal binding did not block infection, in contrast to other CD81 mAbs. This study has uncovered a new functionally important region of CD81, independent of HCV E2 envelope protein binding domain, and further suggests that CD81 may not interact directly with a parasite ligand during Plasmodium infection, but instead may regulate the function of a yet unknown partner protein

Measurement of pion and proton response and longitudinal shower profiles up to 20 nuclear interaction lengths with the ATLAS Tile calorimeter

The response of pions and protons in the energy range of 20 to 180 GeV produced at CERN's SPS H8 test beam line in the ATLAS iron-scintillator Tile hadron calorimeter has been measured. The test-beam configuration allowed to measure the longitudinal shower development for pions and protons up to 20 nuclear interaction lengths. It is found that pions penetrate deeper in the calorimeter than protons. However, protons induce showers that are wider laterally to the direction of the impinging particle. Including the measured total energy response, the pion to proton energy ratio and the resolution, all observations are consistent with a higher electromagnetic energy fraction in pion induced showers. The data are compared with GEANT4 simulations using several hadronic physics lists. The measured longitudinal shower profiles are described by an analytical shower parameterization within an accuracy of 5-10%. The amount of energy leaking out behind the calorimeter is determined and parameterised as a function of the beam energy and the calorimeter depth. This allows for a leakage correction of test-beam results in the standard projective geometry

The ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 2.0

This is the ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 2.0, 31 July 200

The ATLAS Trigger/DAQ Authorlist, version 1.0

This is a reference document giving the ATLAS Trigger/DAQ author list, version 1.0 of 20 Nov 2008