The International Surface Pressure Databank version 2

The International Surface Pressure Databank (ISPD) is the world's largest collection of global surface and sea-level pressure observations. It was developed by extracting observations from established international archives, through international cooperation with data recovery facilitated by the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative, and directly by contributing universities, organizations, and countries. The dataset period is currently 1768–2012 and consists of three data components: observations from land stations, marine observing systems, and tropical cyclone best track pressure reports. Version 2 of the ISPD (ISPDv2) was created to be observational input for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project (20CR) and contains the quality control and assimilation feedback metadata from the 20CR. Since then, it has been used for various general climate and weather studies, and an updated version 3 (ISPDv3) has been used in the ERA-20C reanalysis in connection with the European Reanalysis of Global Climate Observations project (ERA-CLIM). The focus of this paper is on the ISPDv2 and the inclusion of the 20CR feedback metadata. The Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research provides data collection and access for the ISPDv2, and will provide access to future versions

Retention Time Variability as a Mechanism for Animal Mediated Long-Distance Dispersal

Long-distance dispersal (LDD) events, although rare for most plant species, can strongly influence population and community dynamics. Animals function as a key biotic vector of seeds and thus, a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of how individual animal behaviors scale to dispersal patterns at different spatial scales is a question of critical importance from both basic and applied perspectives. Using a diffusion-theory based analytical approach for a wide range of animal movement and seed transportation patterns, we show that the scale (a measure of local dispersal) of the seed dispersal kernel increases with the organisms' rate of movement and mean seed retention time. We reveal that variations in seed retention time is a key determinant of various measures of LDD such as kurtosis (or shape) of the kernel, thinkness of tails and the absolute number of seeds falling beyond a threshold distance. Using empirical data sets of frugivores, we illustrate the importance of variability in retention times for predicting the key disperser species that influence LDD. Our study makes testable predictions linking animal movement behaviors and gut retention times to dispersal patterns and, more generally, highlights the potential importance of animal behavioral variability for the LDD of seeds

Rates of Oral Anticoagulant Use in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Managed By Primary Care and Cardiology Providers With or Without Use of a Structured Note For Pinnacle Registry Reporting

Background Oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy is underutilized in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2. However, the patterns of OAC selection, adherence with recommendations, and impact of structured note reporting among different specialties has not been well described. Methods As a part of an internal Quality Improvement initiative, records at Swedish Medical Center (Seattle, WA) from 2016 were reviewed. 10,928 patients had a diagnosis of AF. 3362 were seen by a Primary Care Provider (PCP) and not cardiology, 4439 were seen by cardiology and not a PCP, and 3127 seen by both PCP and cardiology. Rates of discrete reporting of the CHA2DS2-VASc score were noted and for those with a CHA2DS2-VASc score \u3e2, overall use, and specific use of Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC), warfarin, antiplatelet alone, or no therapy was tabulated. Individual provider data for the 8 cardiology providers routinely using the PINNACLE Note were tabulated, and also adjusted for why not given codes. Results Of the overall PCP patients (N=6489), 1862 (29%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc score, and 1552 (24%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2. Of the overall cardiology patients (N= 7566), 4261 (56%) had a CHA2DS2-Vasc score documented, and of those, 3517 (46%) had a CHA2DS2-Vasc score ≥2. Of the PCP patients with a CHA2DS2-Vasc of ≥2, 35% were treated with warfarin, 36% were treated with a DOAC, 29% with an antiplatelet, and 19% were not treated. Of the cardiology patients, 31% were treated with warfarin, 38% with DOAC, 27% with an antiplatelet, and 23% were not treated. Among the PINNACLE note providers, overall adherence with recommendations was 75%, but after adjusting for why not given codes, adherence was 95% (p \u3c0.05). Conclusion CHA2DS2-Vasc scores are inconsistently documented by both PCP and cardiology providers. Among patients with documented CHA2DS2-Vasc scores of ≥2, 19% of PCP patients and 23% of cardiology patients did not have documented anticoagulation. DOAC use was more prevalent among cardiologists. Of the providers using the PINNACLE Note, following adjustment for why not given codes, documentation of adherence with guideline recommended treatment was 95%