Pajanan Pestisida sebagai Faktor Risiko Hipotiroidisme pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Pertanian

Pesticide exposure as a risk factor for hypothyroidism in women at childbearing age in agricultural areasBackground: Hypothyroidism in women at childbearing age (WCA) will cause reproduction disorder, i.e. infertility, spontaneous abortion, impaired growth and development of foetus, placental abruption, and preterm delivery. Pesticide exposure is suspected to cause hypothyroidism. The research objective is to prove that pesticide exposure is a risk factor for hypothyroidism among WCA in agricultural areas.Methods: Case-control studies were used as study designs. Study subjects were 44 WCA as cases and 45 WCA as controls. Pesticide exposure was measured by asking WCA\u27s involvement in agricultural activities using structured questionnaire and by checking their levels of cholinesterase. Hypothyroidism was determined based on the results of TSH, FT4, and T3 level. Confounding variables were also measured. These variables were age, body mass index (BMI), participation in hormonal contraception, liver function, urinaryiodine excretion, urinary thiocyanate level and blood lead level. Chi-square test, OR (95% CI), and multivariate logistic regression were implemented to test the hypothesis.Results: Pesticides exposure is a risk factor for hypothyroidism (crude-OR=3.04; 95% CI=1.20-7.81; nilai p=0.033 and adjusted OR=3.31, 95% CI=1.25 to 8.78, p=0.016). The higher the degree of exposure, the greater the risk of having hypothyroidism.Conclusion: Pesticides exposure is a risk factor for hypothyroidism among WCA in agricultural areas

Peran Universitas Diponegoro dalam meningkatkan kualiatas sumber daya manusia

xvii+481hlm.;23c

Hypothyroidism in an Area of Endemic Goiter and Cretinism in Central Java, Indonesia

In an area of severe endemic goiter in Central Java, Indonesia, clinical overt or mild hypothyroidism appeared to be present in 7 out of 20 cretins and also in 12 out of 94 non-cretinous subjects, all 5–20 years of age, living in the village of Sengi. Hypothyroidism was not found in a control group of 70 subjects of the same age living in Londjong just outside the edemia. In hypothyroid subjects the plasma PBI-concentration was 0.98 ± 0.32 µg/100 ml (mean ± SD) vS 2.72 ± 1.24 µg/100 ml in euthyroid subjects from Sengi and 4.86 ± 0.80 µg/100 ml in controls from Londjong. Values for T3 were 56.3 ± 31.7 ng/100 ml in hypothyroids, 140.5 ± 38.5 ng/100 ml in euthyroids from Sengi and 121.6 ± 27.4 ng/100 ml in controls. The TSH levels (geometric mean and range) in these 3 groups were, respectively, 210.1 (108.0–342), 15.6(3.0– 372) and 4.1 (0.8–7.0) µU/ml. The differences between themean concentration of PBI, T3 and TSH in the hypothyroid and euthyroid groups were highly significant (P < 0.001). These data strengthen the clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism in cretins as well as in non-cretinous subjects. All hypothyroid subjects had a PBI < 1.8 µg/100 ml and T3 < 120 ng/100 ml and TSH < 100 µU/ml. In 8 hypothyroid subjects, restudied 18 months after iodized oil injection, hypothyroidism was either corrected or markedly improved. It therefore appears that iodine deficiency per se in post natal life may lead to (juvenile) hypothyroidism, which can be corrected by iodine therapy. Our findings have implications for the definition and diagnosis of endemic cretinism. Not all hypothyroid subjects in an area of endemic iodine deficiency should be classified as cretins

Akibat Defisiensi Yodium Berat

--.166 hal.;ill.; 21 c

akibat defisiensi yodium berat : suatu penelitian pada sekelompok penduduk di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

166 p.; 21 cm

Liver Involvement in fatal versus non fatal cases

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