Captação de Fucsina ácida em gemas de macieira em diferentes estádios de dormência.

No presente trabalho, avaliou-se a fucsina como indicadora do estádio de dormência, objetivando otimizar um método para aplicação e avaliação do corante nos tecidos, paralelamente com a obtenção de resultados de brotação forçada.Resumo

Expression of dormancy associated mads-box genes in different apple tree organs.

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Identificação e análise de promotores de desidrinas no genoma da macieira.

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Chronic central neuropeptide Y infusion in normal rats: status of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and vagal mediation of hyperinsulinaemia

Summary: Neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus is a potent physiological stimulator of feeding, and may contribute to the characteristic metabolic defects of obesity when hypothalamic levels remain chronically elevated. Since corticosterone and insulin are important regulators of fuel metabolism, the longitudinal effects of chronic (6 days) intracerebroventricular infusion of neuropeptide Y in normal rats on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and on insulin secretion were studied. Neuropeptide Y-infused rats were either allowed to eat ad libitum, or were pair-fed with normophagic control rats. Neuropeptide Y increased the basal plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone during the first 2 days of its intracerebroventricular infusion and increased cold stress-induced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations. After 4-6 days of central neuropeptide Y infusion, however, basal plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone concentrations were no different from control values (except in ad libitum-fed rats in which corticosteronaemia remained elevated), they were unaffected by the stress of cold exposure, and the hypothalamic content of corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity was significantly decreased. A state of hyperinsulinaemia was present throughout the 6 days of intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y infusion, being more marked in the ad libitum-fed than in the pair-fed group. The proportions of insulin, proinsulin, and conversion intermediates in plasma and pancreas were unchanged. Hyperinsulinaemia of the pair-fed neuropeptide Y-infused rats was accompanied by muscle insulin resistance and white adipose tissue insulin hyperresponsiveness, as assessed by the in vivo uptake of 2-deoxyglucose. Finally, bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevented both the basal and the marked glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia of animals chronically infused with neuropeptide Y, demonstrating that central neuropeptide Y-induced hyperinsulinaemia is mediated by the parasympathetic nervous syste

Determinação da conectividade xilemática em gemas dormentes de Malus × domestica através da aplicação de corante.

A macieira (Malus × domestica Borkh.) caracteriza-se pelo estabelecimento da dormência no outono e a indisponibilidade de água livre nas gemas dormentes. Em regiões onde o acúmulo de frio para quebra de dormência não é suficiente, utilizam-se produtos químicos, como a cianamida hidrogenada (CH) para induzir a saída da dormência e uniformizar a brotação. Uma das dificuldades dos produtores é identificar a melhor época para a aplicação destes produtos químicos. No presente trabalho avaliou-se o transporte de água em gemas apicais durante a dormência, verificando a aplicabilidade da avaliação de padrões de captação de corantes hidrofílicos na estimativa do estádio da dormência. Para tal, foram utilizadas brindilas com gemas apicais fechadas de cultivares contrastantes em requerimento de frio. Em dois experimentos independentes avaliou-se 3 parâmetros: o teor de água, a brotação máxima e a conectividade hídrica em gemas apicais utilizando o corante fucsina ácida. O experimento 1 monitorou esses parâmetros em brindilas amostradas mensalmente no período de 03/2012 a 03/2013 em um pomar da EEFT. No experimento 2 o material vegetal foi brindilas em estádios diferenciados da dormência, com e sem aplicação de CH, mantido em condições ótimas de crescimento. O teor de água e a captação de corante foram maiores em amostras coletadas durante o verão e durante a brotação do que na dormência, e a CH foi capaz de induzir este aumento. Entretanto, não houve diferença entre os estádios de dormência. Os dados mostram maior transporte de água nos tecidos durante o verão e em condições ótimas de crescimento, mas não permitem diferencia r entre gemas endo e ecodormentes e nem estabelecer a fucsina ácida como um marcador para os estádios de dormência. Palavras-Chaves: brindilas, dormência, condutividade hídrica, cianamida hidrogenada, macieira. Temperate fruit trees, such as apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), are characterized by the establishment of bud dormancy. Bud dormancy is overcome after exposure to a certain amount of chilling hours (under 7,2°C), which varies according to species and cultivars. Another feature of bud dormancy is the lack of free water in buds. In regions where chilling exposure is not enough for dormancy overcoming, applicatio n of chemical substances is necessary in order to break dormancy and for even bud break. One of the difficulties faced by growers is to identify the proper timing for the application of those chemical products. In this work, the water transport in buds during dormancy was assessed, with the intent of evalua ting the use of patterns of hydrophilic dye uptake as a marker for dormancy status. As plant material, apical twigs of contrasting chilling requirement cultivars were used. 'Castel Gala' which shows low chilling requirement for bud break and 'Gala Standard', a high chilling requirement cultivar. These materials were subjected to two experiments: evaluation of water status in buds harvested monthly in the field and under forcing conditions for bud break. Dy e capitation, water content and maximum bud break of apical buds were evaluated. The conductivity of the hydrophilic dye on dormant buds and stems is shown to be reduced during winter. Water content and dye uptake are higher during summer and after bud outgrowth than during dormancy, an d both increase after hydrogen cyanamide application. However, there was no difference between ecodormant and endodormant buds in relation to water content and conductivity. Keywords: twigs, dormancy, xylem conductivity, hydrogen cyanamide, appl

Maximum likelihood map making with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

International audienceGiven the recent advances in gravitational-wave detection technologies, the detection and characterization of gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a real possibility. To assess the abilities of the LISA satellite network to reconstruct anisotropies of different angular scales and in different directions on the sky, we develop a map-maker based on an optimal quadratic estimator. The resulting maps are maximum likelihood representations of the GWB intensity on the sky integrated over a broad range of frequencies. We test the algorithm by reconstructing known input maps with different input distributions and over different frequency ranges. We find that, in an optimal scenario of well understood noise and high frequency, high SNR signals, the maximum scales LISA may probe are ℓmax≲15. The map-maker also allows to test the directional dependence of LISA noise, providing insight on the directional sky sensitivity we may expect

Error reframing: studying the promotion of an error management culture

In the organizational behaviour and organizational psychology literature, individual errors are considered either as sources of blame (error-prevention culture) or as sources of learning and something to be encouraged in order to promote innovation (error-management culture). While we can assume that a third perspective exists somewhere in between, error management is usually considered as the best solution. Yet scholars have tended to neglect the planned and directed transition from a pure error-prevention to an error-management culture. We thus examine to what extent and under what conditions an organization can culturally transform the representation of individual errors through its business leaders. To answer this question, we conducted a qualitative study on the case of a French insurance company. We portray a realistic image of the promotion of an error management culture, pointing out certain limitations and constraints, while nonetheless identifying some conditions for successful error reframing

Probing anisotropies of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with LISA

We investigate the sensitivity of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to the anisotropies of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB). We first discuss the main astrophysical and cosmological sources of SGWB which are characterized by anisotropies in the GW energy density, and we build a Signal-to-Noise estimator to quantify the sensitivity of LISA to different multipoles. We then perform a Fisher matrix analysis of the prospects of detectability of anisotropic features with LISA for individual multipoles, focusing on a SGWB with a power-law frequency profile. We compute the noise angular spectrum taking into account the specific scan strategy of the LISA detector. We analyze the case of the kinematic dipole and quadrupole generated by Doppler boosting an isotropic SGWB. We find that β ΩGW ∼ 2 × 10-11 is required to observe a dipolar signal with LISA. The detector response to the quadrupole has a factor ∼ 103 β relative to that of the dipole. The characterization of the anisotropies, both from a theoretical perspective and from a map-making point of view, allows us to extract information that can be used to understand the origin of the SGWB, and to discriminate among distinct superimposed SGWB sources