Impact of remittances on economic growth in developing countries: The role of openness

The paper examines the empirical relationship between remittances and economic growth for a sample of 62 developing countries over the time period 1990–2014. Remittances seem to promote growth only in the ‘more open’ countries. That is because remittances are in themselves not sufficient for growth. The extent of the benefit depends on domestic institutions and macroeconomic environment in the receiving country. Unlike the ‘less open’ countries, ‘more open’ countries have better institutions and better financial markets to take advantage of the remittances income and channelise them into profitable investments which, in turn, accelerates the rate of economic growth in these countries.N/

Inhibition of corrosion of steel in 1 M HCl solution by polyphenol extract: Application for Steel used in the automotive industry in Morocco

An experimental study was carried out to measure the inhibitory efficiency of polyphenol extracted from vegetable water  (MA) and polyphenol extracted from pomace (GO)  as green corrosion inhibitors for high yield strength steel (AHLE) and mild steel (AD) in an acid solution hydrochloric 1 M.  The experiments revealed that the MA and GO behaved as mixed type inhibitors. This study was performed using the weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The MA inhibits corrosion of both AD and AHLE in 1M HCl. Inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations to reach a maximum value of 95.7% for steel AHLE and a maximum value of 95.50% for mild steel. For the GO it inhibits the corrosion of steel AHLE and mild steel in HCl 1M. The efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations to reach a maximum value of 96.68% for AD and a maximum value of 95.23% for AHLE. According to the Langmuir isothermal model, the inhibitors MA and GO were adsorbed on the steel surfaces AHLE and AD by physical and chemical bonds. SEM and EDX examinations have proven the formation of a protective layer of inhibitors adsorbed on the steel surface

The use of hand-held computers (PDAs) to audit and validate eradication of a post-border detection of Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium, in Western Australia

Most of Australia’s agricultural produce is exported. Demonstrating freedom from certain plant and animal pests and diseases is critical to securing and maintaining market access. Surveillance is an important tool in gaining market access and accordingly exporting countries now need to provide accurate, credible evidence to confirm pest freedom status.In the past nearly all field-collected surveillance information was recorded manually to paper reducing the rate of capture, integrity, conformity as well as security of the data. This paper describes the development of pest surveillance data collection software and hardware using PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) to provide auditing, validation, chain of evidence and increase the volume of data collected as well as its integrity through relational databases and seamless data transfer to corporate systems. The system’s first deployment was during a T. granarium eradication. The khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) is one of the most serious pests of stored grain and is a regulated quarantine pest in most countries around the world. In April 2007, there was a post-border detection of T. granarium larvae and adults in a Western Australian residence. Immediate and uncompromising action was taken to quarantine the home and fumigate it with methyl-bromide at an internationally established rate known to control T. granarium (AQIS T9056). A two-year T. granarium trapping program was undertaken which used PDA software to provide evidence of complete eradication via 1273 trap inspections. This achievement was supported by GPSlocated traps, digital voice navigation itineraries, digital time and date stamps, field printed barcode labels, site imagery, all in a single hand-held unit. Keywords: T. granarium, Khapra beetle, Eradication, Biosecurity, PDA, Surveillanc

Spectroscopic Methods For Lubricant Quality Control In Engines And Gear Boxes

Lubricants play a vital role in reducing the wear and tear of engine/gear box metal parts. Number of analytical and spectroscopic methods have been used to analyze the quality of the lubricant oil. Moreover some parameters such as Total Acid Number (TAN), viscosity index also have been used to analyze the quality of the oil. Several used wind turbine gear oil samples were analyzed by various spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Fluorescence method gave promising results among those three spectroscopic methods. In order to study thermal degradation, motor oil samples were subjected to artificial aging in the laboratory conditions by heating them up to different temperatures for different time periods and then subsequently analyzed with fluorescence spectroscopic method. Subsequently two used engine oil samples from a same diesel engine vehicle were analyzed using fluorescence spectroscopic method.  Notable variation in fluorescence emission intensities was observed with oil aging. Intensity of the fluorescence emission signal decrease with oil degradation.  Therefore fluorescence spectroscopic method can be used to predict the reusability of gear oils as well as to identify the oil degradation. This method can be further extended to develop a novel potential sensor to detect the quality of oil in various types of engines. KEYWORDS: Lubricant oil, Oil degradation, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Analytical methods

Diagnosis and management of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator infections based on process mapping

Background: Infection is a well‐recognized complication of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation, including the more recently available subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD). Although the AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines include recommendations for S‐ICD use, currently there are no clinical trial data that address the diagnosis and management of S‐ICD infections. Therefore, an expert panel was convened to develop consensus on these topics. / Methods: A process mapping methodology was used to achieve a primary goal – the development of consensus on the diagnosis and management of S‐ICD infections. Two face‐to‐face meetings of panel experts were conducted to recommend useful information to clinicians in individual patient management of S‐ICD infections. / Results: Panel consensus of a stepwise approach in the diagnosis and management was developed to provide guidance in individual patient management. / Conclusion: Achieving expert panel consensus by process mapping methodology in S‐ICD infection diagnosis and management was attainable, and the results should be helpful in individual patient management

Characterising binge eating over the course of a feasibility trial among individuals with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa

This is the final version. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.Binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders that are characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes. The highly contextualized nature of binge eating makes naturalistic research a particularly suitable means of understanding the context within which binge eating occurs. The present study aimed to characterise binge eating days with regards to the frequency and probability of negative affect, food craving, meal skipping, and dietary restriction. In addition, it aimed to examine whether a combined intervention that targets the experience of ‘loss of control’ over eating can decrease these potential maintenance factors that often precede binge eating episodes. Seventy-eight participants with bulimia nervosa (N = 40) or binge eating disorder (n = 38), who were randomly allocated to a food-specific or general intervention combining inhibitory control training and implementation intentions, completed mood and food diaries over four weeks. Results suggest that negative affect and food craving were elevated on binge eating days, but that dietary restraint and meal skipping did not characterise binge eating days. Moreover, meal skipping, binge eating, restriction, and compensation decreased throughout the intervention period, while negative affect and food craving did not. This suggests that some interventions may successfully reduce binge eating frequency without necessarily decreasing negative affect or food craving, thus pointing to the different routes to targeting binge eating and providing implications for future interventions.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)H2020 European Research Council (ERC)National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustKing's College Londo