Interrupting the social amplification of risk process: a case study in collective emissions reduction

One of the main approaches we have for studying the progressive divergence of understandings around a risk issue is that of social risk amplification. This article describes a case study of a particular environmental contaminant, a chemical flame retardant that could be interpreted as having produced a risk amplifying process. It describes in particular how a group of industrial organizations acted collectively to reduce emissions of this contaminant, in an apparent attempt to avert regulation and boycotts—that is, to intercept the social amplification process and avoid its secondary effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the constitutive qualities of this collective action: the qualities that defined it and made it effective in the eyes of those involved. These include institutionalisation and independence, the ability to confer individual as well as collective benefit, the capacity to attract (rather than avoid) criticism, and the ‘branding’ that helps communicate what otherwise appear to be a set of unconnected, local actions. Although the risk amplification framework has been criticised for implying that there is some externally given risk level that is subsequently amplified, it does appear to capture the mentality of actors involved in issues of this kind. They talk and act as though they believe they are participants in a risk amplification process

Solving the BM Camelopardalis puzzle

BM Camelopardalis (=12 Cam) is a chromospherically active binary star with a relatively large orbital eccentricity. Systems with large eccentricities usually rotate pseudosynchronously. However, BM Cam has been a puzzle since its observed rotation rate is virtually equal to its orbital period indicating synchronization. All available photometry data for BM Cam have been collected and analyzed. Two models of modulated ellipticity effect are proposed, one based on equilibrium tidal deformation of the primary star and the other on a dynamical tidal effect. When the starspot variability is removed from the data, the dynamical tidal model was the better approximation to the real physical situation. The analysis indicates that BM Cam is not rotating pseudosynchronously but rotating in virtual synchronism after all

EGU2013 SM1.4/GI1.6 session: "Improving seismic networks performances: from site selection to data integration"

The number and quality of seismic stations and networks in Europe continually improves, nevertheless there is always scope to optimize their performance. In this session we welcomed contributions from all aspects of seismic network installation, operation and management. This includes site selection; equipment testing and installation; planning and implementing communication paths; policies for redundancy in data acquisition, processing and archiving; and integration of different datasets including GPS and OBS

Evaluation of Mud Scores on Finished Beef Steers Dressing Percent

Over 12,000 head of cattle from two different data sets were evaluated for the influence that muddy hair coat would have on dressing percent at the harvest facility. In TriCounty Steer Carcass Futurity data as mud score went from no tag, clean hide to lumps of manure attached to the hide continuously on the underbelly and side of the animal from brisket to rear quarter the dressing percent dropped from 62.02 percent to 61.13 percent. Cattle fed at the Armstrong Research facility similarly decreased in dressing percent from 62.00 to 59.50. Both fat cover and ribeye area had significant impacts on dressing percent with fatter cattle dressing over 2 percent greater than lean cattle and heavier muscled cattle dressing over 2 percent greater than lighter muscled cattle

A Seven Year Summary of Feeding Cull Market Cows

Nine groups totaling 457 culled market cows were fed high concentrate rations at two locations in SW Iowa to demonstrate the possibilities of finishing for the “White Fat Cow” market. Average profit per head was $16.54 with a range$174.36 to -$91.45. Adjusted final weights ranged from 1484 to 1646 pounds, while average daily gains ranged from 2.88 to 4.55 pounds daily during a 70 to 91 day feeding program. Dry matter feed conversions on a shrunk basis ranged from 8.70 to 12.78 pounds per pound of gain with an average of 10.91. From 78.4 to 98.8 percent of the cows within the fed groups qualified in the “Premium White Fat” grades with an average of 85.5$98.03 with a range of $70.81 to$156.85. Delivery weight had a significant impact on average daily gain, feed cost of gain and total cost of gain; however body condition score had no significant impact on performance traits or cost of gain

Does Carcass Value Gain per Day on Feed Used in the 4-H Program Relate to Cattle Feeding Profitability?

Data from 410 feedout groups representing 29,389 head from the Tri-County Steer Carcass Futurity Cooperative were analyzed to test the validity of using carcass value per day on feed (CVDOF) as a ranking tool in 4-H beef performance carcass contests. All feedout groups were calculated for feedlot profit using standardized feed and yardage costs, yet using their actual health treatment costs and miscellaneous costs. CVDOF is calculated using carcass weight gain per day during the feeding period and adjusting that for red meat yield using the percent retail product equation. This result is then put on a monetary basis by using a carcass price adjusted for carcass quality and yield grade. CVDOF when tested for its relationship to feedlot profitability was highly significant and accounted for 74 percent of the variation in profit. If one desires a ranking equation in the 4-H beef performance carcass program that relates well to feedlot profitability then CVDOF proves to be quite effective

Hemoglobin genotype has minimal influence on the physiological response of juvenile atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to environmental challenges

Hemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism in cod is associated with temperature‐related differences in biogeographical distribution, and several authors have suggested that functional characteristics of the various hemoglobin isoforms (HbIs) directly influence phenotypic traits such as growth rate. However, no study has directly examined whether Hb genotype translates into physiological differences at the whole animal level. Thus, we generated a family of juvenile Atlantic cod consisting of all three main Hb genotypes (HbI‐1/1, HbI‐2/2, and HbI‐1/2) by crossing a single pair of heterozygous parents, and we compared their metabolic and cortisol responses to an acute thermal challenge (10&deg;C to their critical thermal maximum [CTM] or 22&deg;C, respectively) and tolerance of graded hypoxia. There were no differences in routine metabolism (at 10&deg;C), maximum metabolic rate, metabolic scope, CTM (overall mean 22.9&deg; &plusmn; 0.2&deg;C), or resting and poststress plasma cortisol levels among Hb genotypes. Further, although the HbI‐1/1 fish grew more (by 15%&ndash;30% during the first 9 mo) when reared at 10&deg; &plusmn; 1&deg;C and had a slightly enhanced hypoxia tolerance at 10&deg;C (e.g., the critical O2 levels for HbI‐1/1, HbI‐2/2, and HbI‐1/2 cod were 35.56% &plusmn; 1.24%, and 40.20% &plusmn; 1.99% air saturation, respectively), these results are contradictory to expectations based on HbI functional properties. Thus, our findings (1) do not support previous assumptions that growth rate differences among cod Hb genotypes result from a more efficient use of the oxygen supply&mdash;that is, reduced standard metabolic rates and/or increased metabolic capacity&mdash;and (2) suggest that in juvenile cod, there is no selective advantage to having a particular Hb genotype with regards to the capacity to withstand ecologically relevant environmental challenges.<br /

Evaluation and Observation of Testing Feed Efficiency in Angus Seedstock Heifers

A total of 38 Angus heifers in four contemporary groups over two years were evaluated for pelleted feed intakes, feed conversions and residual feed intake (RFI) using a PinPointer feeding system at Wardens Farms, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Daily pellet intakes (.47 mcal/lb of NEg) averaged 18.6 lbs during the first week and peaked at week nine with 26 lbs. Individual heifer variation on a percent of body weight basis was from 2.1% to 3.3%, but during week 2 the range was 1.7%. Adjusted feed conversions calculated using BIF guidelines averaged 8.11 and 13.24 for 2005 and 2006, respectively. RFIs by methodology averaged zero, but had a standard deviation of 1.24 and 1.18 for both years, respectively, which is similar to evaluations looking at bulls for efficiency. RFIs calculated at 56 days on test were compared to end of test RFIs and were found to be significantly (P\u3c.0001) correlated at .85. RFI was found to be significantly (P\u3c.0001) correlated to average daily feed intake at .61, but not correlated to any other measures of performance including ultrasound traits