RSRA sixth scale wind tunnel test. Tabulated balance data, volume 2

Summaries are presented of all the force and moment data acquired during the RSRA Sixth Scale Wind Tunnel Test. These data include and supplement the data presented in curve form in previous reports. Each summary includes the model configuration, wing and empennage incidences and deflections, and recorded balance data. The first group of data in each summary presents the force and moment data in full scale parametric form, the dynamic pressure and velocity in the test section, and the powered nacelle fan speed. The second and third groups of data are the balance data in nondimensional coefficient form. The wind axis coefficient data corresponds to the parametric data divided by the wing area for forces and divided by the product of the wing area and wing span or mean aerodynamic chord for moments. The stability axis data resolves the wind axis data with respect to the angle of yaw

RSRA sixth scale wind tunnel test

The sixth scale model of the Sikorsky/NASA/Army rotor systems research aircraft was tested in an 18-foot section of a large subsonic wind tunnel for the purpose of obtaining basic data in the areas of performance, stability, and body surface loads. The model was mounted in the tunnel on the struts arranged in tandem. Basic testing was limited to forward flight with angles of yaw from -20 to +20 degrees and angles of attack from -20 to +25 degrees. Tunnel test speeds were varied up to 172 knots (q = 96 psf). Test data were monitored through a high speed static data acquisition system, linked to a PDP-6 computer. This system provided immediate records of angle of attack, angle of yaw, six component force and moment data, and static and total pressure information. The wind tunnel model was constructed of aluminum structural members with aluminum, fiberglass, and wood skins. Tabulated force and moment data, flow visualization photographs, tabulated surface pressure data are presented for the basic helicopter and compound configurations. Limited discussions of the results of the test are included

Evolution of precipitates, in particular cruciform and cuboid particles, during simulated direct charging of thin slab cast vanadium microalloyed steels

A study has been undertaken of four vanadium based steels which have been processed by a simulated direct charging route using processing parameters typical of thin slab casting, where the cast product has a thickness of 50 to 80mm ( in this study 50 mm) and is fed directly to a furnace to equalise the microstructure prior to rolling. In the direct charging process, cooling rates are faster, equalisation times shorter and the amount of deformation introduced during rolling less than in conventional practice. Samples in this study were quenched after casting, after equalisation, after 4th rolling pass and after coiling, to follow the evolution of microstructure. The mechanical and toughness properties and the microstructural features might be expected to differ from equivalent steels, which have undergone conventional processing. The four low carbon steels (~0.06wt%) which were studied contained 0.1wt%V (V-N), 0.1wt%V and 0.010wt%Ti (V-Ti), 0.1wt%V and 0.03wt%Nb (V-Nb), and 0.1wt%V, 0.03wt%Nb and 0.007wt%Ti (V-Nb-Ti). Steels V-N and V-Ti contained around 0.02wt% N, while the other two contained about 0.01wt%N. The as-cast steels were heated at three equalising temperatures of 1050C, 1100C or 1200C and held for 30-60 minutes prior to rolling. Optical microscopy and analytical electron microscopy, including parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS), were used to characterise the precipitates. In the as-cast condition, dendrites and plates were found. Cuboid particles were seen at this stage in Steel V-Ti, but they appeared only in the other steels after equalization. In addition, in the final product of all the steels, fine particles were seen, but it was only in the two titanium steels that cruciform precipitates were present. PEELS analysis showed that the dendrites, plates, cuboids, cruciforms and fine precipitates were essentially nitrides. The two Ti steels had better toughness than the other steels but inferior lower yield stress values. This was thought to be, in part, due to the formation of cruciform precipitates in austenite, thereby removing nitrogen and the microalloying elements which would have been expected to precipitate in ferrite as dispersion hardening particles

In the Interests of clients or commerce? Legal aid, supply, demand, and 'ethical indeterminacy' in criminal defence work

As a professional, a lawyer's first duty is to serve the client's best interests, before simple monetary gain. In criminal defence work, this duty has been questioned in the debate about the causes of growth in legal aid spending: is it driven by lawyers (suppliers) inducing unnecessary demand for their services or are they merely responding to increased demand? Research reported here found clear evidence of a change in the handling of cases in response to new payment structures, though in ways unexpected by the policy's proponents. The paper develops the concept of 'ethical indeterminacy' as a way of understanding how defence lawyers seek to reconcile the interests of commerce and clients. Ethical indeterminacy suggests that where different courses of action could each be said to benefit the client, the lawyer will tend to advise the client to decide in the lawyer's own interests. Ethical indeterminacy is mediated by a range of competing conceptions of 'quality' and 'need'. The paper goes on to question the very distinction between 'supply' and 'demand' in the provision of legal services

Nonparametric instrumental regression with non-convex constraints

This paper considers the nonparametric regression model with an additive error that is dependent on the explanatory variables. As is common in empirical studies in epidemiology and economics, it also supposes that valid instrumental variables are observed. A classical example in microeconomics considers the consumer demand function as a function of the price of goods and the income, both variables often considered as endogenous. In this framework, the economic theory also imposes shape restrictions on the demand function, like integrability conditions. Motivated by this illustration in microeconomics, we study an estimator of a nonparametric constrained regression function using instrumental variables by means of Tikhonov regularization. We derive rates of convergence for the regularized model both in a deterministic and stochastic setting under the assumption that the true regression function satisfies a projected source condition including, because of the non-convexity of the imposed constraints, an additional smallness condition

RAÇÃO FARELADA COM DIFERENTES GRANULOMETRIAS EM FRANGOS DE CORTE

Em geral, o diâmetro geométrico médio (DGM) das partículas das rações não tem afetado o desempenho de frangos de corte, em situações experimentais. Por meio deste, objetivou-se verificar se o mesmo ocorre em criações comerciais e, também, avaliar possíveis benefícios econômicos do uso da ração com maior DGM. Para isso, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar o desempenho zootécnico em frangos de corte da linhagem ROSS, do 1º ao 42º dia de idade, arraçoados com diferentes granulometrias. O experimento foi conduzido nos meses de agosto e setembro de 1998, no aviário experimental da Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata Ltda. Em delineamento em blocos casualizados, foram testados os DGMs: 0,833, 0,703 e 1,058 mm, na fase pré-inicial; 0,829, 0,703 e 1,086 mm, na fase inicial, e; 0,818, 0,649 e 0,912 mm, na fase de crescimento. O DGM dos tratamentos apresentou influência (P < 0,05) sobre o consumo de ração de pintainhos na fase pré-inicial, sendo observadas poucas modificações (P > 0,05) no desempenho das outras fases de criação e na mortalidade das aves. Entretanto, a lucratividade inerente aos tratamentos, pode ser aumentada em até 2,78%, em função da diminuição da moagem e/ou aumento do DGM. Use of mashed rations with different particle sizes for broilers Abstract In general, the average geometric diameter (AGD) of ration has not affected broilers performance in experimental situations. The objective of this experiment was to investigate if such statement is true also for commercial farms and to evaluate the possible economic benefits of using larger ration particle sizes. For that, in the present work, ROSS broilers had theis performance estimated, from the 1st up to the 42nd day of age, fed with rations of different particle sizes. The experiment was developed during August and September of 1998, in the experimental aviary from Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata Ltda. Statistical design was of random blocks and treatment were (AGD's): 0.833, 0.703 and 1.058 mm, in the pre-initial phase; 0.829, 0.703 and 1.086 mm, in the initial phase, and; 0.818, 0.649 and 0.912 mm, in the growth phase. Treatments AGDs treatment showed influence (P < 0.05) on the consumption of chick ration in the pre-initial phase. Few modifications were observed (P > 0.05) in the acting of the other feeding phases and in the mortality of the birds. However, the gross margin related to treatments can be increased up to 2.78%, as a result of the decrease of the grinding and/or AGDs increase

Explicit incorporation of spatial variability in a biomass dynamics assessment model

publishedVersio

Incorporating intra-annual variability in fisheries abundance data to better capture population dynamics

To reduce the risk of overexploitation and the ensuing conservation and socio-economic consequences, fisheries management relies on receiving accurate scientific advice from stock assessments. Biomass dynamics models used in stock assessment tend to rely primarily on indices of abundance and commercial landings data. Standard practice for calculating the indices used in these models typically involves taking averages of survey tow data over large, diverse spatial domains. There is a lot of variability in the choice of methodologies used to propagate index uncertainty into the assessment model, many of which require specifying it through expert knowledge or prior distributions. Here we propose an alternative approach that treats each individual survey tow as an independent estimate of the true underlying biomass in the stock assessment model itself. This reduces information loss and propagates uncertainties into the model directly. A simulation study demonstrates that this approach accurately captures underlying population dynamics and reliably estimates variance parameters. We further demonstrate its utility with data from the Inshore Scallop Fishery of south-west Nova Scotia. Results show significant improvements in parameter estimation over previous models while providing similar predictions of biomass with less uncertainty. This reduced uncertainty can improve the resulting scientific advice and lead to improved decision-making by fisheries managers.publishedVersio

Use of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae), yeast cell wall (SSCW), organic acids and avilamycin in broilers feeding

This study was accomplished with 2.520 chickens males to verify the effect of the simbiótics use in the feeding of males chickens (yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisae and mananoligossacharides), comparatively the added of aluminosilicate of sodium cellular wall of yeasts and calcium, a mixture of organic acids constituted by lactic acid, citric acid and fumaric acid, a growth promoter (Avilamicin) and a negative control. The diets were the corn base and soy crumb. A completely randomized experimental design was used, and the obtained data were evaluated by analysis of variance and test of Tukey at a level of 5%. The appraised parameters were: ration consumption, weight gain, alimentary conversion and European Factor of Efficiency (EEF). In the initial apprenticeship of life of the birds (1 to 21 days of age), the growth promoter's inclusion presented an inferior result to the other tested treatments, that you/they didn't differ amongst themselves. Being considered the total period (1 to 42 days of age) the analysis of the European Factor of Efficiency that whole summarize the results and economical of the treatments, it allows to end that the substitution of antibiotics for simbiotics (yeasts and mananoligossaccharides) it is a viable and economical alternative.Foi realizado um estudo com 2.520 frangos de corte machos para verificar o efeito do uso de simbióticos na alimentação de frangos de corte (leveduras Saccharomyces cerevisae e mananoligossacarideos), comparativamente a parede celular de leveduras acrescido de aluminosilicato de sódio e cálcio, uma mistura de ácidos orgânicos constituída por ácido lático, acido cítrico e ácido fumárico, um promotor de crescimento (Avilamicina) e um controle negativo. As dietas foram a base de milho e farelo de soja. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados obtidos avaliados pela análise da variância e teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar e Fator de Eficiência Europeu (EEF). No estágio inicial de vida das aves (1 a 21 dias de idade), a inclusão do promotor de crescimento apresentou um resultado inferior aos demais tratamentos testados, que não diferiram entre si. Considerando-se o período total (1 a 42 dias de idade) a análise do Fator de Eficiência Europeu que sumariza todos os resultados zootécnicos e econômicos dos tratamentos, permite concluir que a substituição de antibióticos por simbióticos (leveduras e mananoligossacarídeos) é uma alternativa viável e econômica.