ROLE OF SAWDUST IN THE REMOVAL OF IRON FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Sawdust, inexpensive material has been utilized as an absorbent for the removal of iron from aqueous solution for their safe disposal. The adsorption experiments of untreated sawdust (SD)and treated sawdust (SDC) have been carried out at room temperature using the batch test. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to observe sorption phenomena of sawdust in the removal of iron. The results indicate that the sawdust was capable in removing iron in aqueous solution. The results have shown that the Langmuir isotherm was found well fitted into the experimental data as compared to the Freundlich isotherm. It was found that, chemisorptions and physisorption were the prime mechanism for the process of adsorption to occur between the sawdust and iron. The results also proved that the acid sulphuric treated sawdust is much better than that of untreated sawdust as an adsorbent for iron

The literature review of the governance frameworks in health system

Introduction: Governance in the health system refers to a range of decision making, and implementation undertakings conducted by decision-makers as they find ways to achieve national health policy objectives that are favourable to each country's health system. Currently, there are different types of frameworks that have been developed and these frameworks try to operationalize and assess how principles of governance at different levels of a health system are administered. While a number of frameworks for assessing governance in the health sector have been proposed, their application is often constrained by impractical indicators that are often not well-grounded, resulting in limited pragmatic work on governance in the health systems itself.Methods: Adopting a scoping review method, articles were identified using these databases namely BMC, Emerald, Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Sage, Springer, Taylors & Francis, WHO and Wiley. Only articles written and published in English from 2009 to 2019 were included.Results: 5 of the frameworks have actually been tested and operationalized in practice from the 13 identified and reviewed frameworks that are largely theoretically based.Conclusion: A multitude of frameworks to assess health systems governance exist, however, there are not many examples of their application in the literature and healthcare systems with well-grounded proven results. Consequently, to facilitate a more comprehensive assessment and peruse of governance frameworks in health systems, the health system should have clear goals with continuous and committed support by accountable decision-makers pivoted by principles of good governance

Management of non-communicable disease prevention at district level in Malaysia

Background: The Non –Communicable Disease (NCD) unit in Malaysia has had much focus in recent years as its country undergoes a major epidemiologic transition with the rise in the four largest contributors of NCD deaths namely cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease. In line with reducing the burden of NCD both for the patient and healthcare, the district health office plays a vital role in managing disease prevention through adequate planning, focusing on the implementation of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and monitoring the health of the population. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted through online database search such as Google Scholar and PubMed to identify articles that were related to the current management of non-communicable disease prevention. Initial keywords used were district health management, non-communicable disease, prevention and Malaysia. The reference list was also reviewed for related articles including some that were handpicked. Result: Healthcare system in Malaysia is performed as a top down exercise whereby most of the national planning is conducted at federal level by the Ministry of Health. However, at the ground level, the district health office needs to conduct situational analysis to identify the needs and challenges of the local community within their jurisdiction. The management of NCD prevention is focusing on the implementation of actions through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels that fall within the role of health professionals and health care providers in primary care, hospitals and community services environment. Conclusion: Community empowerment and health education are important components in primary prevention of NCD. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment for NCD provided at the district level will stop the progression of the disease, leading to a better prognosis. Tertiary prevention in the form of rehabilitation at district level reduces and limits the disability and impairment related to NCD

Evaluation of Inhibitive Action of Sodium Benzoate on Corrosion Behaviour of AA6063 in Seawater

Corrosion is a fundamental process which plays an important role in economics and safety. Apparently, corrosion cannot be avoided, but its severity can be prevented. Inhibitors have always been considered to be the first line of defense against corrosion. Several corrosion inhibitors are available today. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium benzoate as an inhibitor to slow down or prevent corrosion. This project involves the use of gravimetric measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate inhibitive action of sodium benzoate on corrosion behavior of AA6063 aluminium alloy in seawater. The electrochemical measurements showed that the presence of sodium benzoate as an inhibitor significantly decrease the weight loss, corrosion current densities (icorr), corrosion rates and double layer capacitance (Cdl), whilst increasing the polarization resistance (Rp)

A systematic review on healthcare financing in Singapore

Background: Healthcare financing has been on the global agenda for many countries to elevate the health status of the citizens at the same time aim for a lean and sustainable health system. Singapore in particular has demonstrated progressive leaps in health care financing through various reforms. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of articles related to health care financing in Singapore was compiled using a series of keyword search in various databases (Medline, CINAHL, and PubMed). Studies that were conducted from 1981 to 2015, written in English and used either a quantitative or qualitative design that focus on health care reform in Singapore were included in this study. Result: Most of the studies revealed that the most innovative factor in the health care financing in Singapore was the structure and the comprehensive health insurance systems that are in place but it was not necessarily deemed beneficial or affordable to its citizens. The systematic review yielded over 125 results, only 7 of which were relevant to this study after examining in full text. A purposeful approach was then pursued. Snowballing on bibliographic references and undertaking key author and grey-literature searches proved as an effective complimentary approach to the original review and was reverted to in addition to the original search. This method brought the full-text results up to 5. Conclusion: Healthcare financing have a direct influence on the citizens of Singapore and although comprehensive, it also has deficiencies and issues that still need to be addressed

ROLE OF SAWDUST IN THE REMOVAL OF IRON FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

ABSTRACT Sawdust, inexpensive material has been utilized as an absorbent for the removal of iron from aqueous solution for their safe disposal. The adsorption experiments of untreated sawdust (SD) and treated sawdust (SDC) have been carried out at room temperature using the batch test. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to observe sorption phenomena of sawdust in the removal of iron. The results indicate that the sawdust was capable in removing iron in aqueous solution. The results have shown that the Langmuir isotherm was found well fitted into the experimental data as compared to the Freundlich isotherm. It was found that, chemisorptions and physisorption were the prime mechanism for the process of adsorption to occur between the sawdust and iron. The results also proved that the acid sulphuric treated sawdust is much better than that of untreated sawdust as an adsorbent for iron