PAOD: a predictive approach for optimization of design in FinFET/SRAM

The evolutions in the modern memory units are comeup with FinFET/SRAM which can be utilized over high scaled computing units and in other devices. Some of the recent systems were surveyed through which it is known that existing systems lags with improving the performance and optimization of FinFET/SRAM design. Thus, the paper introduces an optimized model based on Search Optimization mechanism that uses Predictive Approach to optimize the design structure of FinFET/SRAM (PAOD). Using this can achieve significant fault tolerance under dynamic cumpting devices and applications. The model uses mathematical methodology which helps to attain less computational time and significant output even at more simulation iteration. This POAD is cost effective as it provides better convergence of FinFET/SRAM design than recursive design

Study of analgesics usage in third trimester of pregnancy and its ill effects on pregnancy course and outcome

Background: Pregnancy is a special physiological state. Pregnancy care is one of the greatest challenges in medicine as it demands a special care in the use of drugs because of altered physiology. At least 10 percent of birth defects are thought to result from maternal drug exposures. NSAIDS are one of the most commonly used medications during pregnancy (17%) to treat painful events during pregnancy.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted after taking approval from the Institutional ethical committee and study was conducted for a period of one year. Antenatal clinics and inpatients wards of department of obstetrics and Gynaecology were visited and all the pregnant women with exposure to analgesics during third trimester and at the time of labour were included in the study. Information regarding the analgesics exposure either prescribed by the physician or self-medicated was collected.Results: Total 1520 pregnant women were included in the study over a period of one year. Analgesic exposure was seen in 77.1% of pregnant women during labour. Most common analgesic used to relieve labour pain was tramadol. 22.9% pregnant women were exposed to analgesics during third trimester, among them exposure to paracetamol was observed in 14% of pregnant women and to tramadol in 8.9%. Indications for usage of these analgesics during pregnancy were fever with myalgia (45.8%), false labour pain (37%), and headache (11.4%).Conclusions: Study showed that there is a positive association between analgesics exposure during third trimester of pregnancy particularly to paracetamol exposure and preterm delivery. Association between paracetamol exposure and low birth weight was also observed in this study but this finding could be due to more number of preterm deliveries which could not be ruled out in this study. Further studies have to be conducted to confirm the association since there are only limited numbers of studies done till now

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF STEM BARK ESSENTIAL OIL CONSTITUENTS OF LITSEA GLUTINOSA C. B. ROB.

Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of stem bark essential oil of Litsea glutinosa C. B. Rob.Methods: The essential oil isolated from stem bark of L. glutinosa and their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the stem bark essential oil was investigated against eight human pathogenic bacterial clinical isolates using agar disc diffusion method and MIC value was determined by modified resazurin microtitre-plate assay. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2, 2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate radical cation (ABTS) and β-carotene bleaching assay.Results: GC-MS analysis of stem bark essential oil resulted in the identification of 37 compounds, off which 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (62.57%), hexadecanoic acid (12.68%), stigmast-5-en-3-ol (6.87%) and vitamin E (2.51%) were the main constituents representing 84.63% of the oil. The determination of in vitro antibacterial activity of stem bark essential oil resulted in significant inhibition zone (15.00±0.57 mm) and MIC value (0.15±0.15×10-2 mg/ml) against the pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholera followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. The results of DPPH radical scavenging (IC50:4.540±0.06 µg/ml), ABTS (IC50:256.02±0.06 µg/ml) and β-carotene bleaching assay (%I: 78.51±0.42 %) showed significant in vitro antioxidant property.Conclusion: L. glutinosa stem bark essential oil showed potential antibacterial activity against the Vibrio cholera. The results of this investigation supported the ethnomedical claim of essential oil as a demulcent, antidiarrheal and antioxidant drug

ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE WATER HARVESTING SITE IN GEOSPATIAL ENVIRONMENT

Water is the prime requirement for agriculture, domestic uses and industrial production. In India the per capita available of water is decreasing at a higher rate due to impact of climate change and ever-increasing population. Rainwater harvesting is the technique which is being used in effective storing of surface runoff. There are various types of water harvesting structures namely check dam, farm pond, percolation tank, etc. However, identification of potential site for the construction of the particular water harvesting structure is bit difficult as it depends upon numerous parameters such as soil type, slope, water availability, land use and land cover of the site and the surrounding, etc. The guidelines such as Food and Agriculture Organization; Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development are available for selecting suitable site for water harvesting structures. As the site suitability analysis involves multiple parameters for decision making, in the present study, the selection of suitable site for check dam is made through analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in geospatial domain for Hatni watershed, Madhya Pradesh, India. As location for check dam construction is influenced by soil texture, slope of the terrain, land use land cover, stream order and water availability; these parameters were derived from remote sensing data and analysed. The slope and stream network layers were generated from the digital elevation model (DEM). Further, the influence of soil and water availability in identifying the suitable sites was studied through soil texture and curve number. Different parameters influence the site suitability analysis, therefore, in the present study, IMSD guidelines were used to assign weights to each parameter under consideration. The layers were assigned weights by AHP technique based on pairwise comparison. The layers were reclassified according to the weights, then overlay analysis has been done to get the final site suitability map. As remote sensing provides the synoptic coverage of the earth, it has been further utilised to study the impact of water harvesting structure on its surrounding. The land use land cover map of before and after the construction of water harvesting structure was analysed for change in vegetation condition. It was observed that the vegetative cover has increased after implementation of the water conservation measures. It may be concluded that the geospatial technology has immense potential in site suitability studies for water harvesting structures

Analysis of Distribution Transformer Physiological and Electrical Fault Detection - A Smart Grid Application

  Power grids transport electricity from the point of generation to the market. Power conversion from HV to LV and vice versa occurs in grids, also known as substations. These substations or power grids can be accessible or situated in remote locations. Transformers are used to convert power; they are an essential part of transmission and distribution networks. The method of grid monitoring and maintenance is essentially a very monotonous one. Monitoring the health of the transformers to maintain an uninterrupted power supply to the customers is difficult in such circumstances. Overvoltage, load currents, oil temperature, transformer oil level, and other parameters are monitored. The condition of the distribution transformer’s is evaluated in this article using real-time data from the transformer and specific sensors connected to Raspberry pi and artificial neural networks, are used to analyse the situation and make decisions regarding the health of the transformer. A model has been proposed for continuous monitoring consistent vigilance and swift actions against any faulty situations

Direct regional microvascular monitoring and assessment of blood brain barrier function following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Evans Blue (EB) is often used to evaluate Blood-Brain Barrier Damage (BBB) in cerebral ischemia, frequently by dye extraction. Herein we present a method that allows assessing regional brain microvasculature, distribution of EB and Fluorescent Isothiocyanate-Labeled Red Blood Cells (FITC-RBCs) in a rat model of acute cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion (I-R). Wistar rats were subjected to 3 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfused. At ~2.5 h of reperfusion, BBB opening was assessed by contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. It was followed by injections of EB and FITC-RBCs that circulated for either 5 or 20 min. Regional microvasculature and tracer distributions were assessed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Microvascular networks in stroke-affected regions networks were partially damaged with apparent EB extravasation. Brain regions were affected in the following order: preoptic area (PoA)\u3estriatum (Str)\u3ecortex (Ctx). EB leakage increased with circulation time in Str. Cells around the leakage sites sequestered EB. An inverse correlation was observed between low CBF rates recorded during MCA occlusion and post-reperfusion EB extravasation patterns. Accordingly, this approach provided data on brain regional microvascular status, extravascular tracer distribution and its cellular uptake. It may be useful to evaluate model-dependent variations in vascular injury and efficacy of putative vascular protective drugs in stroke

Hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor activator and arginine in a rat fulminant colitis model

INTRODUCTION: Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is commonly used to induce a murine fulminant colitis model. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to decrease the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but the effect of its activator, HGFA, is not well characterized. Arginine reduces effects of oxidative stress but its effect on IBD is not well known. The primary aim is to determine whether HGF and HGFA, or arginine will decrease IBD symptoms such as pain and diarrhea in a DSS-induced fulminant colitis murine model. METHODS: A severe colitis was induced in young, male Fischer 344 rats with 4% (w/v) DSS oral solution for seven days; rats were sacrificed on day 10. Rats were divided into five groups of 8 animals: control, HGF (700 mcg/kg/dose), HGF and HGFA (10 mcg/dose), HGF and arginine, and high dose HGF (2800 mcg/kg/dose). Main clinical outcomes were pain, diarrhea and weight loss. Blinded pathologists scored the terminal ileum and distal colon. RESULTS: DSS reliably induced severe active colitis in 90% of animals (n = 36/40). There were no differences in injury scores between control and treatment animals. HGF led to 1.38 fewer days in pain (p = 0.036), while arginine led to 1.88 fewer days of diarrhea (P = 0.017) compared to controls. 88% of HGFA-treated rats started regaining weight (P \u3c 0.001). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Although treatment was unable to reverse fulminant disease, HGF and arginine were associated with decreased days of pain and diarrhea. These clinical interventions may reduce associated symptoms for severe IBD patients, even when urgent surgical intervention remains the only viable option