Smallholder vegetable production in Northern Tanzania: constraints and opportunities

A survey of small-holder aggro-farmers in rural Tanzania to highlight their production capacity as well as the challenges faced by their projects.A detailed survey of vegetable production in four villages in Arumcru Distriet near Arusha was conducted by research and extension personnel of the Ministry of Agriculture, in collaboration with Cornell University. Households growing vegetables had access on average 7 to 13 acres of land (2.8 to 5.3 ha), and grew from four to six crops. Maize, beans and bananas were common to most households, but the list of other commodities produced varied widely from village to village. Major constraints to production included a lack of access to information on pest and disease identification and control, to timely knowledge of commodity prices, and to alternative market outlets for the production. A district staff of six extension horticulturists served an estimated 6 000 growers in 132 villages in the district. This coverage was not nearly enough to adequately impart information to growers, particularly since telephones were not available, and the extension staff had few vehicles with which to make their rounds. Nevertheless, growers were enterprising and willing to take risks, producing some commodities such as tomatoes during the rainy season, when the chance of crop failure was high but prices advantageous. Further work is needed to assess the impact of increased production on labour allocation. The survey indicated that expanding production could well be limited by the increased burden placed on women to manage both production and household sustenance. In addition, research to identify adapted, high-yielding varieties, and economical and safe methods of disease, insect and weed control are also needed

Description of Testing in Wavelet Video Coding

The provided testing scenario is intended to be used for evaluation of the coding performance of the JSVM coding scheme provided by JVT, with respect to the Exploration Wavelet Video Coding platform. The reference conditions have been derived from the JSVM testing conditions document JVT-P205 produced at the 16th JVT meeting in Poznan. Further details on JSVM configuration can be found in such document. The rate points to be used in all tests are derived from the combined scalability test sets. The applicable set of rate points is similar to the rate points originally applied in the Munich and Palma testing conditions. The target rates are arranged in a systematic manner. For each spatio-temporal resolution, the rate triples from the lowest rate point to the highest rate point. The settings are chosen such that an AVC compatible base layer can be provided for the base layer of combined and spatial scalability and for the QCIF sequences in the SNR scalability scenario. The encoder will generate embedded bit-streams. To extract the various bit-rates, frame-rates and resolutions specified in the tables below from the embedded bit-stream, an extractor shall be used. No transcoding is allowed for performing the decoding at the various bit-rates, frame-rates and resolutions. In the combined scalability settings, the testing addresses a broad range scalability and is motivated by the requirements of applications such as surveillance, broadcast and storage systems. This scenario is represented by the test sequences CITY, CREW, HARBOUR and SOCCER. Visual tests shall take place for the rates shown in green in the tables below for each spatial resolution, and for the Palma test at the rate points tested at Palma. PSNR curves will have to be provided for all other rate points

Resonances and adiabatic invariance in classical and quantum scattering theory

We discover that the energy-integral of time-delay is an adiabatic invariant in quantum scattering theory and corresponds classically to the phase space volume. The integral thus found provides a quantization condition for resonances, explaining a series of results recently found in non-relativistic and relativistic regimes. Further, a connection between statistical quantities like quantal resonance-width and classical friction has been established with a classically deterministic quantity, the stability exponent of an adiabatically perturbed periodic orbit. This relation can be employed to estimate the rate of energy dissipation in finite quantum systems.Comment: 8 page

Manajemen Stres Akademik pada Remaja dengan Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)

One of the causes of stress in adolescents occurs at school.  Academic stress on students due to learning activities such as skipping school, leaving class hours prematurely, arriving late to school, collecting late assignments collected, and quitting school because they are unable to follow the learning in the chosen Department. Academic stress can lead to depression if not treated properly. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) can effectively reduce academic stress, control anxiety, and tension. The purpose of this Community Service (PkM) is to improve students’ knowledge about stress and how to manage stress with Progressive Muscle relaxation (PMR). The target of this PkM is students of Class XII Department of modeling design and Building Information (DPIB) SMKN 01 Sungai Raya, Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. This PkM implementation method includes stress discussion and simulation of PMR techniques. The evaluation results after students perform PMR simulation obtained 41.2% feel relaxed, 26.5% feel comfortable, 20.6% feel calm, and 11.8% do not feel any change.Penyebab terjadinya stres pada remaja salah satunya terjadi di sekolah.  Stres akademik pada siswa akibat aktivitas belajar seperti bolos sekolah, meninggalkan jam pelajaran sebelum waktunya, terlambat datang ke sekolah, tugas terlambat dikumpulkan, dan berhenti dari sekolah dikarenakan tidak mampu mengikuti pembelajaran di jurusan yang dipilihnya. Stres akademik dapat mengakibatkan depresi jika tidak diatasi dengan baik. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) dapat mengurangi stres akademik secara efektif, mengendalikan kecemasan, dan ketegangan. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang stres dan cara manajemen stres dengan Progressive Muscle relaxation (PMR). Sasaran PkM ini adalah siswa kelas XII jurusan Desain Pemodelan dan Informasi Bangunan (DPIB) SMKN 01 Sungai Raya, Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat. Metode pelaksanaan PkM ini meliputi diskusi stres dan simulasi tentang teknik PMR. Hasil evaluasi setelah siswa melakukan simulasi PMR diperoleh 41,2% merasakan rileks, 26,5% merasa nyaman, 20,6% merasa tenang, dan 11,8% tidak merasa ada perubahan

PENGARUH TEKNIK KATARSIS TERHADAP PENURUNAN INTENSITAS PERILAKU AGRESI SISWA KELAS IX DI SMP NEGERI 15 BOGOR

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik katarsis terhadap penurunan intensitas perilaku agresi siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 15 Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 15 Bogor pada bulan September- November 2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pre-eksperimen Design dengan desain eksperimen one-group pretest-posttest design. One-group pretest-posttest design yaitu eksperimen yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan satu kelompok penelitian dengan melihat hasil pre dan post-test. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IX. Jumlah populasi sebesar 245 siswa dan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 8 siswa. Pengukuran penurunan intensitas perilaku agresi siswa sebelum dan sesudah pemberian treatment katarsis dilakukan dengan pemberian instrumen perilaku agresi. Instrumen ini berbentuk kuesioner tertutup dengan model skala Likert. Uji coba instrumen dilakukan terhadap 68 rersponden untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen. Hasil perhitungan validitas menyatakan 60 butir item valid. Sementara itu, hasil perhitungan reliabilitas yang diperoleh berdasarkan perhitungan rumus alpha (α) sebesar 0.954. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh nilai asymp. Sig = 0,012 < nilai Signifikansi α (0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa terdapat penurunan intensitas perilaku agresi siswa secara signifikan pada siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 15 Bogor

Investigations on the Peach 4 Debrite, a Late Pleistocene Mass Movement on the Northwest British Continental Margin

The Peach 4 debrite is the most recent in a series of large scale Pleistocene MTDs within the Barra fan on the northwest British continental margin. Geophysical data indicate that Peach 4 was formed through a combination of blocky and muddy debris flows and affects an area of ~ 700 km2. BGS core sample 56 -10 36, located directly over the Peach 4 debrite, provides a minimum age of 14.68 ka cal BP for the last major failure. An upwards fining turbidite sequence in BGS core sample 56 -10 239 is associ-ated with increased As and S concentrations, indicators of diagenetic pyrite which forms under anoxic conditions. It is proposed that As and S concentrations may pro-vide a method of distinguishing between contourite and turbidite sedimentation, though further research is required

and Navigation Group at DLR’s German Space Operations

member of the Executive and Governing Board of th

Desain Induk Gerakan Literasi Sekolah

Buku Desain Induk ini disusun guna memberi arahan strategis bagi kegiatan literasi di lingkungan satuan pendidikan dasar dan menengah. Pelaksanaan GLS akan melibatkan unit kerja terkait di Kemendikbud dan juga pihak-pihak lain yang peduli terhadap pentingnya literasi. Kerja sama semua pemangku kepentingan di bidang pendidikan sangat diperlukan untuk melaksanakan gerakan bersama yang terintegrasi dan efektif