The Phenomenon of Power in the Church: an Investigation and Analysis of the Relational Dynamics Experienced in the Context of the Assertion of Authority

Problem. There is a need for a greater understanding of the relationship that exists between the minister and the congregation. The quality of their relationship determines, to a great degree, the health of their church organization. As persons, ministers possess certain qualifications, abilities, and personality traits that enable them to lead. These comprise the minister’s bases of power. Leaders determine (often unknowingly) how their bases of power are used. Relational dynamics take place when the minister uses power and asserts authority. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not a relationship exists between the minister’s power bases and congregational health. Method. A research survey was sent to 500 Seventh-day Adventist congregational leaders to rate their ministers according to five bases of power (Expert, Referent, Reward, Legitimate, and Coercive). The survey also asked the respondents to reflect on the health and morale of their congregations. Results. A comparison between the members’ ratings of their ministers’ power bases and the responses regarding the health of their congregations reveals that a correlation does exist between them. The results of this study indicate that pastoral power has the potential either to improve the church’s situation or to make it worse, and that it is statistically predictable. Conclusions. Ministers of churches and church administrators should become more sophisticated with respect to issues of leadership, power, and influence. Without the needed awareness and skills, leaders risk being overwhelmed by the pathological aspects of organizational structures that regularly reduce initiative, innovation, morale, and excellence in all levels of church life. With increased knowledge, it may become possible to make the world of congregational life more wholesome, and thus, more effective in fulfilling the Gospel Commission

G2Cdb: the Genes to Cognition database

Neuroscience databases linking genes, proteins, (patho)physiology, anatomy and behaviour across species will be valuable in a broad range of studies of the nervous system. G2Cdb is such a neuroscience database aiming to present a global view of the role of synapse proteins in physiology and disease. G2Cdb warehouses sets of genes and proteins experimentally elucidated by proteomic mass spectroscopy of signalling complexes and proteins biochemically isolated from mammalian synapse preparations, giving an experimentally validated definition of the constituents of the mammalian synapse. Using automated text-mining and expert (human) curation we have systematically extracted information from published neurobiological studies in the fields of synaptic signalling electrophysiology and behaviour in knockout and other transgenic mice. We have also surveyed the human genetics literature for associations to disease caused by mutations in synaptic genes. The synapse proteome datasets that G2Cdb provides offer a basis for future work in synapse biology and provide useful information on brain diseases. They have been integrated in a such way that investigators can rapidly query whether a gene or protein is found in brain-signalling complex(es), has a phenotype in rodent models or whether mutations are associated with a human disease. G2Cdb can be freely accessed at http://www.genes2cognition.org

Phonotactic response of female crickets on the Kramer treadmill: methodology, sensory and behavioural implications

Since population-level variation in female mating preferences can shape intraspecific communication systems within the context of sexual selection it is essential to quantify these preferences and their sources of variation. We calculated individual female response functions for four male calling song traits in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, by performing untethered phonotaxis measurements on a spherical locomotor compensator (Kramer treadmill). Firstly, we quantify the population-level sources of phonotactic variation and correct for factors that adversely affect this measurement. Secondly, we develop methodology for the characterisation of individual female phonotactic response functions suitable for population-level analyses and demonstrate the applicability of our method with respect to recent literature on Orthopteran acoustic communication. Phonotaxis towards a preferred stimulus on different occasions is highly repeatable, with lower repeatabilities away from the most preferred signal traits. For certain male signal traits, female preference and selectivity are highly repeatable. Although phonotactic response magnitude deteriorated with age, preference functions of females remained the same during their lifetimes. Finally, the limitations of measuring phonotaxis using a spherical locomotor compensator are described and discussed with respect to the estimation of the selectivity of female response

Dual role of the exocyst in AMPA receptor targeting and insertion into the postsynaptic membrane

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102104/1/emboj7601065.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102104/2/emboj7601065-sup-0001.pd