Real Time Evaluation of Tissue Optical Properties during Thermal Ablation of \u3cem\u3eex vivo\u3c/em\u3e Liver Tissues

Complete ablation of liver tumors is vital for minimizing the risk of local tumor recurrence. Accurately identifying the hallmarks of tissue necrosis during thermal ablative therapies may significantly increase the efficacy of ablation, while minimizing unnecessary damage to the surrounding normal tissues or critical structures. Light propagation in biological tissues is sensitive to the tissue microstructure and chromophore concentrations. In our previous studies, we found that the wavelength (λ) averaged liver tissue absorption coefficient μa and reduced scattering coefficient μs’ change significantly upon heating which may be used for assessment of tissue damage during thermal ablation of solid tumors. Here, we seek to demonstrate the use of an integrated fiber-optic probe for continuous monitoring of the local tissue temperature (T), μa(λ) and μs’(λ) during thermal ablation of ex vivo porcine livers. The wavelength-averaged (435–630 nm) tissue absorption and scattering (μa and μs’) increased rapidly at 45 °C and plateaued at 67 °C. The mean μa and μs’ for liver tissue at 37 °C (n = 10) were 8.5 ± 3.7 and 2.8 ± 1.1 cm−1, respectively. The relative changes in μa and μs’ at 37, 55, and 65 °C were significantly different (p \u3c .02) from each other. A relationship between the relative changes in μa and μs’ and the degree of tissue damage estimated using the temperature-based Arrhenius model for porcine liver tissues was established and studied

Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams

Free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams is carried out for various classical boundary conditions. Two separate finite element formulations, one based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and other based on Timoshenko beam theory are developed. Principle of virtual work is used to obtain the finite element system of equations. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effect of transverse shear on the natural frequencies and mode shapes for different length-to-thickness ratios and volume fraction exponents of functionally graded material (FGM) beams for the boundary conditions considered. It was observed that transverse shear significantly affects the fundamental frequency and mode shape for lower length to thickness ratios of FGM beams. Further, the effect was observed to be more prominent at higher modes for all the volume fraction exponents of FGM beam.Defence Science Journal, 2012, 62(3), pp.139-146, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.62.132

Genome-wide profiling of histone modifications (H3K9me2 and H4K12ac) and gene expression in rust (uromyces appendiculatus) inoculated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L)

Histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation play a significant role in controlling gene expression in unstressed and stressed plants. Genome-wide analysis of such stress-responsive modifications and genes in non-model crops is limited. We report the genome-wide profiling of histone methylation (H3K9me2) and acetylation (H4K12ac) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) stress using two high-throughput approaches, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). ChIP-Seq analysis revealed 1,235 and 556 histone methylation and acetylation responsive genes from common bean leaves treated with the rust pathogen at 0, 12 and 84 hour-after-inoculation (hai), while RNA-Seq analysis identified 145 and 1,763 genes differentially expressed between mock-inoculated and inoculated plants. The combined ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq analyses identified some key defense responsive genes (calmodulin, cytochrome p450, chitinase, DNA Pol II, and LRR) and transcription factors (WRKY, bZIP, MYB, HSFB3, GRAS, NAC, and NMRA) in bean-rust interaction. Differential methylation and acetylation affected a large proportion of stress-responsive genes including resistant (R) proteins, detoxifying enzymes, and genes involved in ion flux and cell death. The genes identified were functionally classified using Gene Ontology (GO) and EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOGs). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis identified a putative pathway with ten key genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions. This first report of an integrated analysis of histone modifications and gene expression involved in the bean-rust interaction as reported here provides a comprehensive resource for other epigenomic regulation studies in non-model species under stress

Differential expression of CD300a/c on human TH1 and TH17 cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human memory CD4⁺T cells can be either CD300a/c⁺or CD300a/c^-and subsequent analyses showed that CD4⁺effector memory T (T_EM) cells are mostly CD300a/c⁺, whereas CD4⁺central memory T (T_CM) cells have similar frequencies of CD300a/c⁺and CD300a/c^-cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Extensive phenotypical and functional characterization showed that in both T_CMand T_EMcells, the CD300a/c⁺subset contained a higher number of T_H1 (IFN-γ producing) cells. Alternatively, T_H17 (IL-17a producing) cells tend to be CD300a/c^-, especially in the T_EMsubset. Further characterization of the IL-17a⁺cells showed that cells that produce only this cytokine are mostly CD300a/c^-, while cells that produce IL-17a in combination with other cytokines, especially IFN-γ, are mostly CD300a/c⁺, indicating that the expression of this receptor is associated with cells that produce IFN-γ. Co-ligation of the TCR and CD300a/c in CD4⁺T cells inhibited Ca²⁺mobilization evoked by TCR ligation alone and modulated IFN-γ production on T_H1 polarized cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that the CD300a/c receptors are differentially expressed on human T_H1 and T_H17 cells and that their ligation is capable of modulating TCR mediated signals.</p

Constant amplitude and post-overload fatigue crack growth behavior in PM aluminum alloy AA 8009

A recently developed, rapidly solidified, powder metallurgy, dispersion strengthened aluminum alloy, AA 8009, was fatigue tested at room temperature in lab air. Constant amplitude/constant delta kappa and single spike overload conditions were examined. High fatigue crack growth rates and low crack closure levels compared to typical ingot metallurgy aluminum alloys were observed. It was proposed that minimal crack roughness, crack path deflection, and limited slip reversibility, resulting from ultra-fine microstructure, were responsible for the relatively poor da/dN-delta kappa performance of AA 8009 as compared to that of typical IM aluminum alloys

RETRIEVE PRODUCT DATA INFORMATION TO END USER

Our index is less likely to respond to an increase in frequency and frequency and much of the data. Mediators do not need to be decorated according to the distance between MBRs of alphabetical letters and words and the highest level is available. NKS requests are very useful for many applications, such as discussing social media, finding geologic, geolocation research on GIS programs, and so forth. We get a fair and unfair measure of the process. In this article, we consider objects that are marked by key words and are now incorporated into a hot space. Top searches on multiple numbers are data records that provide a lot of new and easy-to-use tools. From these advertisements, we study the questions asking for a variety of content sections that support the verification of the word strips. Our examples on real and accurate records show that ProMiSH is up to 60 times fast on the road. We recommend a unique way known as ProMiSH that uses emergency testing and establishes key sequential values ​​and achieves high level and speed. We conducted special studies to show the implementation of recommended methods

Data Hiding in Video Streaming by Code Word Substitution

Data hiding techniques can be used to embed a secret message and secret image into a video bit stream for copyright protection, access control and transaction tracking. They are some data hiding techniques to assess the quality of video in the absence of the original reference. To avoid the drawback of existing system such as lossless compression, gray scale mapping and noisy images forces higher bit plane when distortion are easily visible.Data hiding is also used for concealment in applications of video transmission, gray scale mapping and noisy image. Edge quality information and number of bits of a block are hidden in the bit streams processed in an encrypted format to maintain security and privacy. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15035

Kinetics of Oxidation of Methyl Orange & Methyl Red by V(V)*

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Studies on the extraction and characterization of thermostable a-amylase from pericarp of Borassus indica

Thermostable a-amylase was extracted and characterized from the fruits (pericarp) of Borassus indica. Analysis on the influence of various physico-chemical parameters on the extracted enzyme revealed a Vmax of 0.793 and a Km of 0.022. The optimum temperature was found to be 370C at pH 4.5. The stability studies on enzyme activity envisaged that the enzyme is stable up to 800C and retained its activity over a wide range of pH (4.0 – 8.5). Significant enhancement in the enzyme activity was observed in the presence of metal ions like Manganese and Strontium and an insignificant decrement in the presence of Sodium ions.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (3), pp. 289-291, 200