Three Decades of Islamic Economics: Achievements, Shortcomings & Future Agendas

Islamic Economics has been reviving for the last three decades. OIC conference which was held in Mekkah in 1976 marked the important starting point of its development. Governments in many countries, university around the world and people in general have responded very positively on the coming of this new system. This paper gives the short description of the historical background, and progress of the emergence of Islamic Economics. During that time, achievements and shortcomings will be discussed and analyzed. At the end of this paper, the authors provide some possible future approaches and agendas on several things in order to ensure the future development of Islamic economics. The authors believe that although Islamic economics has not reached the level of prominence as conventional economics yet, one day it would be able to be the superior economics system and bring us to the golden period of Islam as it was before. Keywords: Islamic Economics, Conventional Economics, Achievements, Shortcomings, Future Approaches, Agenda

Implementasi Kebijakan Wajib Belajar Pendidikan Dasar Sembilan Tahun Di Kota Malang

: The Mandatory Implementation of Nine-Year Basic Education in Malang. In the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 47 Year 2008 on Compulsory Education, government and local government has ensured the implementation of compulsory education at least at the basic education without charge. The one area that runs compulsory Malang as Education City. implementation compulsory nine-year basic education in Malang has been run up by looking at the achievement of NER and GER are very high. Funds provided through BOSNAS and BOSDA just enough for the teacher and the main facility, so that if the school wants to promote more should be required creative to properly manage funds. Even still, the presence of people who do not follow the compulsory nine-year basic education due to lack of parental support and interest in school. Government should financially better optimize financial management to meet urgent needs, and should be more active in tabulating students who have not been educated or do not go to school

Intellectual Capital and Islamic Banks Performance; Evidence From Indonesia and Malaysia

This paper aims to investigate empirically the relationship between the Intellectual Capital (IC) efficiency consist of human capital, structural capital and capital employed and Islamic banks performance in Indonesia and Malaysia. We employ independent sample t-test and regression analysis focusing on the period from 2010 to 2014. The results suggest that there are significant differences in intellectual efficiency scores, where Islamic Banks in Malaysia have exhibited better VAIC scores as compare to that of Islamic banks in Indonesia. While the regression analysis suggest that banks with better human capital efficiency tend to exhibit higher profitability levels. Moreover, sstructural capital is not related to Islamic bank performance. The results also suggets that capital efficiency tend to exhibit higher profitability levels both in Indonesia and Malaysia. The findings may serve as a useful input for Islamic bankers to apply knowledge based management in their respective institutions and in addressing the factors affecting IC performance in order to establish priorities and develop strategic plans, which will in turn enhance their future performance to maximize their value creation

Monetary Policy and Inflation in Indonesia: The Role of Dual Banking System

This study aims to examine the effect of monetary policy to the inflation rate in Indonesia from January 2011 to December 2015 via conventional and sharia systems. Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is adopted for that purpose. The result shows that in the long run, conventional monetary policy transmission has an effect on inflation rate in Indonesia. Interbank money market variable has negative and significant influence on the inflation rate. While the loan to deposit ratio variable does not. On the Islamic side, the results show that in the long run, Islamic monetary policy transmission has a negative effect on inflation in Indonesia and Islamic money market has significant positive effect.     Keywords: Efficiency, Zakat Institution, Data Envelopment Analysis: Islamic economics, transmission of sharia and conventional monetary policy, inflation, VECM, vector error correction model

Forecasting Saving Deposit in Malaysian Islamic Banking: Comparison Between Artificial Neural Network and Arima

The aim of this paper is to test the ability of artificial neural network (ANN) as an alternative method in time series forecasting and compared to autoregres­sive integrated moving average (ARIMA) in studying saving deposit in Malay­sian Islamic banks. Artificial neural network is getting popular as an alterna­tive method in time series forecasting for its capability to capture vola­tility pattern of non-linear time series data. In addition, the use of an estab­lished tool of analysis such as ARIMA is of importance here for comparative purposes. These two methods are applied to monthly data of the Malaysian Islamic bank­ing deposits from January 1994 to November 2005. The result provides evidence that ANN using “early stopping” approach can be used as an alterna­tive forecasting engine with univariate time series model. It can predict non-lin­ear time series using the pattern of the data directly without any statisti­cal analysis

The Improvement of Paclitaxel Cytotoxicity using Nanocellulose based Nature Resources

Paclitaxel is one of the cancer drugs that often used. These drug kills cancer cells by inhibiting mitotic cycle. The efficiency of paclitaxel is increased by the use of nanomaterials as a carrier of paclitaxel. Nanomaterials can enhance encapsulation efficiency, improve the drug release to the target cell following nanomaterial degradation, and improve local accumulation of drug in the cellthrough endocytosis receptor. Nanomaterial that often used forencapsulation of paclitaxel is a polymer derived from natural resources such as cellulose. The advantages of cellulose as a carrier of paclitaxel are nontoxic, biodegradable, and very abundant from various sources. One of the potential sources of cellulose for drug delivery system is cassava baggase

The Role of Specific Cellular Immune System in Chronic Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus is a RNA virus with very high speed replication. The clinical course of chronic hepatitis C is frequently asymptomatic like other hepatitis viruses. Infection of hepatitis virus will activate the immune system specifically as well as non-specifically. Mechanism of the immune system regulation is controlled by tissues consisting of antibodies cells and cytokines. In the process, all of the immune systems integrate and coordinate with the main agent-lymphocytes. Lymphocytes recognize antigens through the specific-surface antigen receptors. Following exposure to viral chronic hepatitis virus, viremia takes place within 1-2 weeks. In immuno-competent hosts, viremia will be preceded with the increase in transaminase enzyme and delayed seroconversion of antibodies will occur. Unlike other immunologic processes, these established antibodies are not protective in nature but serve only as the sign that someone has been infected by hepatitis C. In most cases of hepatitis C virus infection, this virus cannot be eradicated in the acute phase. Approximately 80-90% of acute infection progresses to be chronic infection and in 50% of the cases, there is an increase in transaminase enzyme that reveals that there is still liver cell damage. The degree of liver tissue damage in hepatitis depends on the number of virus infecting and the activity of cytotoxic T cells

Invasive Aspergillosis in a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a broad clinicalmanifestation characterized by production of antibodies against cellular nuclear components. The prevalence of SLE among many countries is variable, ranging from 2.9 to 400 per 100,000. In Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, the incidence of SLE between 1990 and 1998 is 37.3 per 10,000 hospitalization.1 Patients with autoimmune disease have at least twofold risk of acquiring infections compared with healthy individuals. This may be due to the immunosuppresant therapy but could also caused by the primary immune dysregulation that was the basis for the pathogenesis of their disease, or other autoimmune disease manifestations such as lymphopenia.2 Infection is the main factor increasing the mortality and morbidity of SLE patients. A study in New York conducted between 1966 and 1976 involving 223 SLE patients reported 150 cases of infection, of which 23 were opportunistic infection: 12 were candidiasis while 11 others were deep fungal infection. The use of corticosteroids in SLE is the main factor that predispose patients to infection, particularly fungal infection.3 Aspergillosis is the term used to denote all disease caused by any one of the pathogenic and allergenic species of Aspergillus. The annual incidence of aspergillosis in the United States is reported to be 1–2 per 100,000.4 Aspergillus fumigatus is the cause of most cases of invasive aspergillosis, almost all cases of chronic aspergillosis, and most allergic syndromes. The mortality rate of invasive aspergillosis is 50% when properly diagnosed and treated; otherwise it could be as high as 100

Invasive Aspergillosis in a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a broad clinicalmanifestation characterized by production of antibodies against cellular nuclear components. The prevalence of SLE among many countries is variable, ranging from 2.9 to 400 per 100,000. In Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, the incidence of SLE between 1990 and 1998 is 37.3 per 10,000 hospitalization.1 Patients with autoimmune disease have at least twofold risk of acquiring infections compared with healthy individuals. This may be due to the immunosuppresant therapy but could also caused by the primary immune dysregulation that was the basis for the pathogenesis of their disease, or other autoimmune disease manifestations such as lymphopenia.2 Infection is the main factor increasing the mortality and morbidity of SLE patients. A study in New York conducted between 1966 and 1976 involving 223 SLE patients reported 150 cases of infection, of which 23 were opportunistic infection: 12 were candidiasis while 11 others were deep fungal infection. The use of corticosteroids in SLE is the main factor that predispose patients to infection, particularly fungal infection.3 Aspergillosis is the term used to denote all disease caused by any one of the pathogenic and allergenic species of Aspergillus. The annual incidence of aspergillosis in the United States is reported to be 1–2 per 100,000.4 Aspergillus fumigatus is the cause of most cases of invasive aspergillosis, almost all cases of chronic aspergillosis, and most allergic syndromes. The mortality rate of invasive aspergillosis is 50% when properly diagnosed and treated; otherwise it could be as high as 100