Characterization of U-Mo Foils for AFIP-7

Twelve AFIP in-process foil samples, fabricated by either Y-12 or LANL, were shipped from LANL to PNNL for potential characterization using optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Of these twelve, nine different conditions were examined to one degree or another using both techniques. For this report a complete description of the results are provided for one archive foil from each source of material, and one unirradiated piece of a foil of each source that was irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor. Additional data from two other LANL conditions are summarized in very brief form in an appendix. The characterization revealed that all four characterized conditions contained a cold worked microstructure to different degrees. The Y-12 foils exhibited a higher degree of cold working compared to the LANL foils, as evidenced by the highly elongated and obscure U-Mo grain structure present in each foil. The longitudinal orientations for both of the Y-12 foils possesses a highly laminar appearance with such a distorted grain structure that it was very difficult to even offer a range of grain sizes. The U-Mo grain structure of the LANL foils, by comparison, consisted of a more easily discernible grain structure with a mix of equiaxed and elongated grains. Both materials have an inhomogenous grain structure in that all of the characterized foils possess abnormally coarse grains

Characterization of U-Mo Foils for AFIP-7

Twelve AFIP in-process foil samples, fabricated by either Y-12 or LANL, were shipped from LANL to PNNL for potential characterization using optical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Of these twelve, nine different conditions were examined to one degree or another using both techniques. For this report a complete description of the results are provided for one archive foil from each source of material, and one unirradiated piece of a foil of each source that was irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor. Additional data from two other LANL conditions are summarized in very brief form in an appendix. The characterization revealed that all four characterized conditions contained a cold worked microstructure to different degrees. The Y-12 foils exhibited a higher degree of cold working compared to the LANL foils, as evidenced by the highly elongated and obscure U-Mo grain structure present in each foil. The longitudinal orientations for both of the Y-12 foils possesses a highly laminar appearance with such a distorted grain structure that it was very difficult to even offer a range of grain sizes. The U-Mo grain structure of the LANL foils, by comparison, consisted of a more easily discernible grain structure with a mix of equiaxed and elongated grains. Both materials have an inhomogenous grain structure in that all of the characterized foils possess abnormally coarse grains

Adubação nitrogenada e idade de corte na produção de matéria seca do capim-elefante no Cerrado

Propôs-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito da aplicação de N e da idade de corte na produção de biomassa e acúmulo de nitrogênio pelo capim-elefante. O experimento foi realizado com o capim-elefante cv. Paraíso, cultivado em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, município de Gurupi, TO, safra 2008/2009. Foram testadas quatro doses de N-uréia (0, 50, 100 e 150 kg ha-1) e três idades de corte do capim (120, 150 e 180 dias após o brotamento). Avaliou-se, em cada idade de corte, a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea (folhas e colmos) e o acúmulo de N na planta. A produção de matéria seca do capim-elefante aumentou com a adição de N porém o efeito foi maior para as plantas cortadas com 180 dias de idade. Encontrou-se um incremento linear na acumulação de matéria seca (R² = 0,75**) e na acumulação de N (R² = 0,96**), permitindo uma produtividade de 34 t ha-1 de matéria seca, que implicou em uma extração de N de 471 kg ha-1. A eficiência de utilização do N pela cultura variou com o aumento da idade da planta, o que significou maior quantidade de biomassa por unidade de N absorvido. O índice de eficiência mostra que o corte tardio pode favorecer a qualidade da biomassa para fins energéticos, por se tratar de um material mais fibroso.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the application of N fertilizer and the cutting age on the dry biomass production of elephant grass. The experiment was performed with the variety Paraíso and planted in a Ferralsol in 2008 in the district of Gurupi (State of Tocantins). Four different rates of urea application were tested (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) and harvests were made at 120, 150 or 180 days after germination (DAG) of the setts. The dry matter and total N accumulation were evaluated. Dry matter production increased with dose of N, the greatest effect being observed at 180 DAG. There was a linear increase in dry matter (R² = 0.75**) and N accumulation (R² = 0.96**) permitting a productivity of 34 t ha-1 of dry matter and an accumulation of 471 kg N ha-1. The N utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit of applied N) increased with plant age. The higher efficiency of N use favored the quality of biomass production for energy production owing to the higher fibre content

Agenda building and setting in a referendum campaign: Investigating the flow of arguments among campaigners, the media, and the public

This study tests second-level agenda-building and -setting effects in the course of a referendum campaign. Personal standardized interviews with forty-seven different campaign managers and a content analysis of campaign material are linked to a content analysis of TV and newspaper coverage and a three-wave public opinion survey. The results demonstrate the dynamic flow of arguments in the agenda-building and -setting process: top-down from the campaigners to the news media and the public

The emotional effects of news frames on information processing and opinion formation

Current approaches explain the effects of news frames on judgments in terms of cognitive mechanisms, such as accessibility and applicability effects. We investigated the emotional effects of two news frames—an "anger" frame and a "sadness" frame—on information processing and opinion formation. We found that the two frames produced different levels of anger and sadness. Furthermore, the anger frame increased the accessibility of information about punishment and the preference for punitive measures in comparison with the sadness frame and the control group. In contrast, the sadness frame increased the accessibility of information about help for victims and the preference for remedial measures. More importantly, these effects were mediated by the anger and sadness that were elicited by the news frames

Zum Einfluss von Gruppenemotionen und kollektiven Emotionen in sozialen Medien

In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist das kommunikationswissenschaftliche Interesse an Emotionen stark angestiegen (Wirth, 2008, 2014a). Allerdings bleiben die empirische Erfassung von Emotionen in Kommunikationsinhalten sowie die Forschung zu deren Wirkung hinter der aktuellen Theoriebildung zurück. Dies kann zu Missverständnissen in Bezug auf die Verbreitung von emotionalen Kommunikations-inhalten und deren Wirkungen führen