Formation of a Stress-Induced Check Mark on the Otoliths of Juvenile Fishes: Implications for Mesocosm Studies

Daily otolith increment widths of spot Leiostomus xanthurus and spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus were examined experimentally in field mesocosms for 5 to 7 days in various habitat types. Daily otolith increments were used as a surrogate for daily somatic growth so that growth prior to capture and handling could be examined. For both species, possible effects of habitat types were confounded by an overall decrease in daily increment widths during the experimental period when compared to increment widths prior to capture. Several spotted seatrout inadvertently captured during mesocosm deployment provided a means for assessing if there was a significant mesocosm effect or if capture and handling may have caused the decreased increment widths. These “volunteers” were distinguishable from experimental fish by the occurrence of a check mark on the otoliths of the experimental fish. Because experimental increment widths of “volunteers” were not different from pre-experimental widths, handling rather than caging effects appeared responsible for reduced increment widths. While there appeared to be no “mesocosm” effect, handling stress potentially affected growth longer than the 24 h acclimation period we anticipated. Short-term effects of capture and handling of wild fish for mesocosm use should be explored and accounted for in future studies

Fructosediphosphatase of N. crassa

Fructosediphosphatase of N. crass

Sampling bias in systems with structural heterogeneity and limited internal diffusion

Complex systems research is becomingly increasingly data-driven, particularly in the social and biological domains. Many of the systems from which sample data are collected feature structural heterogeneity at the mesoscopic scale (i.e. communities) and limited inter-community diffusion. Here we show that the interplay between these two features can yield a significant bias in the global characteristics inferred from the data. We present a general framework to quantify this bias, and derive an explicit corrective factor for a wide class of systems. Applying our analysis to a recent high-profile survey of conflict mortality in Iraq suggests a significant overestimate of deaths

Evidence of momentum dependent hybridization in Ce2Co0.8Si3.2

We studied the electronic structure of the Kondo lattice system Ce2Co0.8Si3.2 by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The spectra obtained below the coherence temperature consist of a Kondo resonance, its spin-orbit partner and a number of dispersing bands. The quasiparticle weight related to the Kondo peak depends strongly on Fermi vectors associated with bulk bands. This indicates a highly anisotropic hybridization between conduction band and 4f electrons - V_{cf} in Ce2Co0.8Si3.2.Comment: 6 page

Adsorption geometry and electronic structure of iron phthalocyanine on Ag surfaces: A LEED and photoelectron momentum mapping study

We present a comprehensive study of the adsorption behavior of iron phthalocyanine on the low-index crystal faces of silver. By combining measurements of the reciprocal space by means of photoelectron momentum mapping and low energy electron diffraction, the real space adsorption geometries are reconstructed. At monolayer coverage ordered superstructures exist on all studied surfaces containing one molecule in the unit cell in case of Ag(100) and Ag(111), and two molecules per unit cell for Ag(110). The azimuthal tilt angle of the molecules against the high symmetry directions of the substrate is derived from the photoelectron momentum maps. A comparative analysis of the momentum patterns on the substrates with different symmetry indicates that both constituents of the twofold degenerate FePc lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are occupied by charge transfer from the substrate at the interface

Гидрогеологические условия долины р. Шаган в связи с отработкой угольного месторождения Каражыра на территории бывшего Семипалатинского полигона

ABSTRACTA nationwide voluntary laboratory-based surveillance study of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) infections was conducted in Germany between 1996 and 2002. Demographical and clinical information concerning the patients was obtained from the medical files. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk-factors for fatal outcome. Invasive isolates were obtained from 475 patients, with 251 (52.8%) of the isolates cultured from blood. The most frequent emm types were emm1 (36.4%), emm28 (8.8%) and emm3 (8%). The speA, speC and ssa genes were present at variable frequencies in different emm types. The highest frequencies of speA and speC were found in emm1 (speA, 93.6%) and emm4 (speC, 94.7%), respectively. The estimated annual incidence of invasive GAS disease for 1997–2002 was 0.1 cases/100 000 individuals. This apparently low incidence rate might be explained by the voluntary nature of the surveillance system, resulting in relatively few cases being referred to the laboratory. Complete clinical information was available for 165 cases. The overall case fatality rate was 40.6%, and was highest (65.2%) in the group aged 60–69 years. Shock, an age of ≥30 years and adult respiratory distress syndrome were predictors of a fatal outcome in a multiple logistic regression analysis. Overall, 6.7% of the cases were considered to be nosocomial, and nine cases of puerperal sepsis were observed. The study underscores the importance of invasive S. pyogenes disease in Germany

Dynamic field test of a model levee founded on peaty organic soil using an eccentric mass shaker

A dynamic field test of a model levee was performed to study the behavior of very soft and compressible peaty organic soils that commonly underlie levees in the Sacramento / San Joaquin Delta in northern California. This first-of-its-kind test applied dynamic loads to the levee/peat system using a large eccentric mass shaker mounted on the levee crest. Loads from the shaker and the inertia of the levee section are transmitted to the peaty organic soils as base shear stresses, and rotational demands that manifest as normal pressures at the embankment/peat interface. We seek to characterize the transmission of seismic energy between the underlying soft peat and the overlying, comparatively stiff levee fills. A crucial step in the evaluation of the test data is calculation of the amplitude and phase of shaker forces. We compute the centrifugal force from discretely sampled proximity transducer data using a cosine sweep interpolation function

Abordagem Multidisciplinar Em Hormonioterapia Neoadjuvante No Câncer De Mama: Uma Revisão

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancerrelated death among women worldwide. Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors represent the most common form of this disease, with more than 70% of breast cancers expressing these receptors. Response and benefit to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) varies according to HR expression, with lower responses in luminal tumors as compared with hormone receptor-negative (HR-) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumors. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) is an option for selected patients with HR+ locally advanced breast cancer. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy has a favorable toxicity profile, and is associated with benefits such as having low cost and being more easily available even for cancer care professionals outside major urban areas or tertiary centers. These factors are particularly relevant, as 70% of breast cancer deaths occur in women from lowincome and middle-income countries. Additionally, NET is being increasingly explored, not simply to allow for less extensive surgery, but also as a scientific tool, with the use of biomarkers to predict outcomes in adjuvant trials and for the individual patient. This review details the current and most relevant evidence about NET for breast cancer as well as the future directions of this field. © 2016 by Thieme-Revinter Publicações Ltda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.381261562