Cent CORE: Centralized Cloud Oriented Requirement Engineering Strategy for Tracking and Elicitation of Dynamic Requirements

Requirement Engineering is one of the most important stages of Software Engineering. Eliciting requirements is highly critical and a complex process as the software end product totally depends on the quality of requirements that were collected. The property of the requirements is dynamic that keeps changing and constantly evolving. The Traditional Strategies for Requirement Engineering lacked organization and change management was entirely manual which consumed a lot of time and skilled labor. A centralized strategy for Elicitation of Dynamic Requirements using the concept of Requirement Cloud is proposed with high level of organization and structuring. A novel idea of using Cloud Storage Service for Requirement Engineering is implemented using a heuristics approach. Change management is incorporated and a few activities like requirements document generation is automated in this approach. Finally a survey between the Traditional Requirement Engineering and Proposed Cloud Methodology is conducted to prove the proposed methodology is better than the traditional strategies of Requirement Engineering

Analytical study on non invasive techniques in diagnosing ocular surface Squamous Neoplasia

INTRODUCTION: The term Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia was coined by Lee and Hirst. It includes a spectrum of conjunctival and corneal epithelial neoplasia manifesting as dysplasia, carcinomain-situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Incidence of OSSN has a wide geographical variation, ranging from 0.13 to 1.9 per 100,000 population. It is more common in males. The average age of presentation is usually in the sixth and seventh decades. The exact pathogenesis of OSSN is unknown but is probably multifactorial. Risk factors include exposure to ultraviolet B radiation, HPV infection (6&11), HIV infection etc. These tumors commonly occur at the limbus and usually unilateral. Morphological Classification: 1. Gelatinous- Circumscribed gelatinous lesions are the most common. The nodular type is rapidly growing with a high incidence of metastasis to adjacent lymph nodes. 2. Leukoplakic- These are usually pre invasive. 3. Papilliform- These are typically are exophytic, strawberry like, with a stippled red appearance corresponding to its fibro vascular core. They are clinically benign. Corneal papilliform OSSN lesions are pre invasive, with a mottled ground glass sheet appearance which is opalescent. They have sharply defined fimbriated borders, the convex leading edge spreads in an arc away from the limbus and often white dots are present over the grey epithelium.These lesions are typically indolent, slow growing and prone to recurrence. Diagnosis : OSSN can be diagnosed by various techniques such as Impression Cytology, Anterior Segment OCT, Confocal Microscopy and Histopathology. Impression cytology: Impression cytology refers to the histological, immunohistological, or molecular analysis of superficial layers of ocular surface epithelium. Histopathology : Histopathology is the gold standard for the diagnosis and grading of OSSN. Excision biopsy is both diagnostic and curative. Incision biopsy is undertaken only when the tumor is extensive and orbital exenteration has been planned. Aim: To analyse the non invasive techniques in the diagnosis of OSSN. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the accuracy of impression cytology in the diagnosis of OSSN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Centre: RIOGOH , Chennai. Study design : Prospective study. Inclusion criteria : Patients of age more than 30-70 years with growth over the ocular surface. Exclusion criteria : Patients with pterygium, patients with severe debilitation. Sample size: 50. Methodology: A detailed history and examination of growth by slit lamp was done. Impression cytology was done in all patients prior to excision biopsy. Impression Cytology Technique: A drop of 4% xylocaine was instilled into the eye of the patient. Cellulose acetate filter paper was held with a sterile forceps and pressed firmly against the lesion for about 5 to 10 seconds, then transferred into a container of 95% alcohol for about half an hour for fixation. It was then mounted onto a slide, stained with haematoxylin and eosin and observed under light microscope. The slides were examined and observed for the presence of dysplastic cells, hyperkeratosis, inflammatory cells or any other associated findings. Histopathology: The specimens were obtained from excision biopsies and graded. Grades of OSSN on histopathology: Mild dysplasia: Dysplastic cells restricted to the lower one-third of the epithelial layer. Moderate dysplasia: Dysplastic cells occupying two thirds of the thickness of epithelium. Severe dysplasia / Carcinoma-in-situ: Complete involvement of the epithelium including surface layer without breach of the basement membrane. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma: Breach of the basement membrane with involvement of substantia propria by tumor cells . CONCLUSION: 50 excision biopsies were performed for suspected OSSN. There was correlation with impression cytology in 47 cases [94%]. In 3 cases there were no correlation [6%]. Out of which 2 cases showed dysplastic changes in impression cytologyand HPE showed no dysplasia.The remaining one was normal in impression cytology but HPE showed severe dysplastic changes.Based on this study after calculating epidemiological indices impression cytology can be used a screening tool in diagnosing ossn. But Histopathology always remains the gold standard in diagnosing OSSN

The role of probiotics in managing premenstrual syndrome: insights into beneficial bacterial strains

Premenstrual disorders (PMDs), encompassing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), affect a significant number of women globally. Despite various hypothesized causes like hormonal shifts, serotonin imbalances, and lifestyle factors, the precise etiology remains unclear. Recent research emphasizes the crucial role of the gut microbiota in influencing mental and physical health, particularly through the gut-brain axis, which facilitates neuroendocrine communication. The gut microbiome's impact on endocrine, metabolic, and immune systems is significant, linking variations in gut microbiota diversity to conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and metabolic disorders. Probiotics, known for modulating gut microbiota, show promise in managing PMDs and primary dysmenorrhea by influencing microbial diversity, metabolite profiles, and inflammatory pathways. Studies indicate that certain probiotic strains regulate cytokine production, enhance immunological tolerance, and may alleviate symptoms of hormone-related disorders. Traditional treatments for primary dysmenorrhea, including NSAIDs and hormonal therapy, often have adverse effects and limited efficacy, making probiotics a safer and potentially more effective alternative. Further research is essential to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of probiotics. However, current evidence suggests they could significantly improve women's reproductive health, reduce premenstrual symptoms, and offer a novel approach to managing primary dysmenorrhea, thereby enhancing the quality of life for affected women

Cord blood levels of uric acid, lipid profile and HOMA-IR in pregnancy induced hypertension

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a major global health burden that results in the greatest number of deaths worldwide. Epigenetic changes induced by pregnancy related complication in umbilical cord blood may appear as a result of dysfunctional placenta and impaired maternal cardiovascular function and may cause later onset of cardiovascular diseases in offspring.Methods: A prospective case control study was conducted at ESIC medical college, Bangalore in 100 PIH women with gestational age 37 to 40 weeks. The study aimed to find the correlation of cord blood uric acid, lipid profile and HOMA -IR in gestational hypertension mothers.Results: We found a strong positive correlation between uric acid and total cholesterol in cases and a moderate positive correlation among uric acid and LDL in cases whereas a strong negative correlation among uric acid and HDL. In addition, mean HOMA-IR value was statistically significant in cases.Conclusions: HOMA -IR values are found to be more in newborns of PIH mothers and cord blood uric acid is a good predictor of lipid metabolism and the glucose homeostasis in neonates

Military Reconnaissance Robot

In today\u27s world Indian border military force facing a huge destruction especially in border. Tensions rise between nuclear neighbors after deadly raid on army base close to disputed border. All the military organizations takes the help of military robots to carry risky jobs that cannot be handled manually by soldier. A great development in military robots when compare to military robots in earlier time. In this proposal, we make use of Robotic vehicle which helps to enter an area of higher risks, move and place wherever the object wants to go. Security systems uses sensor to detect intrusion. Vision based system is accurate and can be more reliable. Vision based machine learning system will be a good deal to this problem. Using the machine learning algorithm technique, motion detection is first done, if there is any detection, a bounding box will be made on that spot and then human recognition algorithm takes place. If the intruder match with the database of known personal data of the soldiers which was already stored by the officials. If there is no match in database, it will take a snapshot of the unknown intruder and with the help of internet or sat-link it will sends it to the server. From the server an alarm triggers using relay or buzzers and the snapshot will be sent to the soldiers nearby with the accurate distance using gps tracking system

A Quaternionic Wavelet Transform-based Approach for Object Recognition

Recognizing the objects in complex natural scenes is the challenging task as the object may be occluded, may vary in shape, position and in size. In this paper a method to recognize objects from different categories of images using quaternionic wavelet transform (QWT) is presented. This transform separates the information contained in the image better than a traditional Discrete wavelet transform and provides a multiscale image analysis whose coefficients are 2D analytic, with one near-shift invariant magnitude and three phases. The two phases encode local image shifts and the third one contains texture information. In the domain of object recognition, it is often to classify objects from images that make only limited part of the image. Hence to identify local features and certain region of images, patches are extracted over the interest points detected from the original image using Wavelet based interest point detector. Here QWT magnitude and phase features are computed for every patch. Then these features are trained, tested and classified using SVM classifier in order to have supervised learning model. In order to compare the performance of local feature with global feature, the transform is applied to the entire image and the global features are derived. The performance of QWT is compared with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and dual tree discrete wavelet transform (DTDWT). Observations revealed that QWT outperforms the DWT and shift invariant DTDWT with lesser equal error rate. The experimental evaluation is done using the complex Graz databases.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 4, July 2014, pp. 350-357, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.450

Bioefficacy of ethiprole + pymetrozine against the white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Howard), in rice (ADT – 46)

The nymphs and adults of white-backed planthoppers (Sogatella furcifera, Howard) remove plant sap resulting in yield loss. Indiscriminate use of insecticides, results in the development of resistance by insects and ill effects on the environment opening the new era of chemicals with novel modes of action with good bioefficacy, higher selectivity, low mammalian toxicity and safety to the environment. Therefore, the introduction of newer insecticide molecules with alternate modes of action will play a serious role in pest management programs. Hence, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of ethiprole + pymetrozine against white-backed planthopper of rice (ADT – 46) under laboratory and field conditions at Annamalai University, Chidambaram during 2018-20. Ethiprole + pymetrozine @ (T1 - 36.91 + 138), (T2 - 40.13 + 150) and (T3 - 45.47 + 170) g a.i ha-1 with standard checks T4 - pymetrozine @ (150) g a.i ha-1, T5 - buprofezin @ (200) g a.i ha-1 and T6 - ethiprole + imidacloprid @ (50 + 50) g a.i ha-1 were evaluated against white-backed planthopper. The standard checks were of positive control i.e., reference insecticides which is in common use The results revealed that T3 recorded the lowest population of white-backed planthopper/hill at 15 day after spraying (1.13 hoppers/hill in August – December 2018 and 1.79 hoppers/hill in August – December 2019 respectively) giving better yield. The population of natural enemies was comparatively lower in all insecticidal treatments than in the control

Intracutaneous sterile water injection over sacrum for the relief of low back pain in labour

The study was performed on 200 antenatal mothers in active labour well matched in age, parity, gestational age, dilatation of cervix and membrane status. • The majority of patients belong to the age group of 21-25. In study group it was 58%, in control group it was 52%. The mean age of study group was 23.8 years. The mean age of control group was 24.3 years. • 70% of study cases were booked and 66% of control cases were booked. • Majority of the patients were from rural areas. 68% in study group and 64% in control group. • Primigravida and multigravida were equally distributed in the study (50%). • Median pain score in the sterile water group was significantly lower than the placebo group at 10 mts, 45 mts, and 90 mts after injection (P < 0.001). • The duration of first stage of labour was significantly shorter in the study group denoting the favorable effect of sterile water injection on first stage of labour (P = 0.003). • There was no statistical difference in the duration of second stage of labour between study and control groups. The duration of second stage was not prolonged in the study group without affecting the ability of the patients desire to push (P = 0.0528). • The duration of third stage of labour was unaltered in both groups (P = 0.569). • The neonatal outcome shown by APGAR scores were almost the same for both study and control groups. • In study group 91% of patients were delivered by labour naturale and in control group 88% of patients were delivered by labour naturale. • The assisted delivery rate was 7% in the study group and it was 9% in the control group • The major indication for assisted delivery in the study group and control group was prophylaxis since it included high risk cases. There was no undue prolongation of second stage in the study group. • The cesearean section rate was 2% in the study group and 3% in the control group. • Multigravida were better being able to feel the difference and reported labour to be more satisfying than primigravida, since they had previous labour experience. • 93% of patients in study group reported pain relief, of them 30% of patients had excellent pain relief and 34% of patients moderate pain relief. • There was no significant maternal or fetal side effects. • The only adverse effect is a sharp, brief bee sting like pain sensation lasting for a maximum of 30 seconds. • Placebo treated group had mild analgesic effect, but it was not statistically significant as the sterile water group. • In the post partum follow up, 85% of patients reported that they will accept this technique in their future labour for pain relief. Summary of proven benefits of sterile water injections Sterile water injections: 1. Provide rapid and effective low back pain relief during labour. 2. Have no apparent side effects 3. Offers simplicity of use and a high level of success. 4. Are non-pharmacological 5. Decrease the need for epidural anaesthesia 6. Delay the use of epidural anaesthesia 7. Have no effect on a mothers state of consciousness 8. Can be repeated 9. Don’t limit a mothers ability to move about 10. May be used while waiting for a anaesthetist 11. Do not interfere in labour progress or ability to push 12. Have application for use in rural/remote areas and developing Countries 13. Have a role to play with their analgesic effect on pelvic floor Tone, cervical tension and fetal rotation. 14. Can be administered by a nurse or midwife. CONCLUSION: Sterile water injections induce a statistically significant, dramatic analgesic effect on the low back pain experienced by women during labour lasting from a minimum of 10 minutes to 90 minutes and a maximum of 2 hours post administration. • It has a favorable impact on the progress of labour. It augments cervical dilatation and shortens the first stage of labour. Duration of second stage of labour is not affected. There is absolutely no untoward effect on mother and fetus. • To Conclude, Sterile water injections represent an important safe, cost effective, drug free option that should be made available to all woman experiencing unrelenting back pain during child birth

Heterosis studies for fruit yield and its attributing traits in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

The experiment was aimed to identify superior cross combinations with desirable traits for the commercial use of F1 hybrids in okra, to achieve higher production and productivity. Eight parental lines and three testers of okra, along with their 24 F1 hybrids produced by a Line × Tester mating technique, were examined to analyze the magnitude of heterosis for eight quantitative characters. These hybrids and their eleven parents were evaluated during June 2022 using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replicates at Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. Significant and desirable heterosis over the better-parent, mid-parent and standard checks was observed for all the characters examined. The maximum desirable heterosis was recorded in EC 305613 × Varsha Uphar, IC 22237 × Hissar Unnat and IC 22232 × Varsha Uphar over the relative heterosis, standard heterosis and heterobeltiosis for days to first flowering. The hybrids IC 18532 × Hissar Unnat, IC 22232 × Varsha Uphar, IC 22237 × Hissar Unnat, EC 305613 × Hissar Unnat, EC 305613 × Varsha Uphar, EC 305736 × Hissar Unnat and EC 305736 × Arka Abhay exhibited significantly high heterosis and high mean values for yield and most of the traits in desirable directions. Therefore, the cross combinations IC 18532 × Hissar Unnat, IC 22232 × Varsha Uphar and EC 305613 × Varsha Uphar offered excellent opportunities for the exploitation of hybrid vigour in okra. Hence, these crosses could have effectively used to develop high yielding hybrids with desirable traits in okra