166 research outputs found
Coherent population trapping in two-electron three-level systems with aligned spins
The possibility of coherent population trapping in two electron states with
aligned spins (ortho-system) is evidenced. From the analysis of a three-level
atomic system containing two electrons, and driven by the two laser fields
needed for coherent population trapping, a conceptually new kind of
two-electron dark state appears. The properties of this trapping are studied
and are physically interpreted in terms of a dark hole, instead of a dark
two-electron state. This technique, among many other applications, offers the
possibility of measuring, with subnatural resolution, some superposition-state
matrix-elements of the electron-electron correlation that due to their time
dependent nature are inaccesible by standard measuring procedures.Comment: 10 pages and 4 figure
El decolorant i els bronquis del perruquer
L'exposició a les sals de persulfat, molt freqüents en la indústria cosmètica, són una de les causes més freqüents de l'asma ocupacional, especialment dins del gremi de la perruqueria. Aquest estudi analitza l'evolució de 10 pacients en funció del seu grau d'exposició al agent. Els que van evitar el contacte van mostrar una millor hiperresposta bronquial, mentre que els que el van mantenir van mostrar un pitjor pronòstic de l'asma ocupacional.La exposición a las sales de persulfato, muy frecuentes en los productos decolorantes, son una de las causas más frecuentes del asma ocupacional, especialmente en el gremio de la peluquerÃa. Este estudio analiza la evolución de 10 pacientes en función de su grado de exposición al agente. Quienes evitaron el contacto mostraron una mejor hiperrespuesta bronquial, mientras que quienes lo mantuvieron mostraron un peor pronóstico del asma ocupaciona
Epidemiology of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis; reports from the SWORD scheme in the UK from 1996 to 2015
Objective To estimate the reported incidence of
occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (OHP) in the
UK and to consider whether the pattern of attributed
causation has changed over time.
Methods All cases of OHP reported to the SWORD
scheme between January 1996 and December 2015
were classified into 1 of 10 categories of the suspected
agent. Cases were grouped into four 5-year time
periods to examine any changing pattern in incidence
or suspected causation. For each time period, the
annual incidence was calculated using the estimated
number of reported cases and the working population
of the UK.
Results Between 1996 and 2015, there were 202
actual cases of OHP reported to SWORD, equating to
an estimated 818 cases, when adjusting for the
sampling ratio. Over this period, the annual UK
incidence was 1.4 per million workers. The mean (SD)
age of reported cases was 52 (13) years, and cases
were four-times more likely to be men than women.
Over the study period, there was a fall in the proportion
of cases reported to be due to agricultural exposures
(44–12%), and an increase in cases due to
metalworking fluids (MWFs, 2–45%).
Conclusions Over the last 20 years, the incidence of
OHP in the UK has been ∼1–2 cases per million
workers per year. Working with water-based MWFs is
now the most commonly suspected causative exposure
for OHP cases reported to the SWORD scheme in
the UK
Destabilization of dark states and optical spectroscopy in Zeeman-degenerate atomic systems
We present a general discussion of the techniques of destabilizing dark
states in laser-driven atoms with either a magnetic field or modulated laser
polarization. We show that the photon scattering rate is maximized at a
particular evolution rate of the dark state. We also find that the atomic
resonance curve is significantly broadened when the evolution rate is far from
this optimum value. These results are illustrated with detailed examples of
destabilizing dark states in some commonly-trapped ions and supported by
insights derived from numerical calculations and simple theoretical models.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Experimental observation of the amplitude death effect in two coupled nonlinear oscillators
The amplitude death phenomenon has been experimentally observed with a pair of thermo-optical oscillators linearly coupled by heat transfer. A parametric analysis has been done and compared with numerical simulations of a time delayed model. The role of the coupling strength is also discussed from experimental and numerical results
Adiabatic following criterion, estimation of the nonadiabatic excitation fraction and quantum jumps
An accurate theory describing adiabatic following of the dark, nonabsorbing
state in the three-level system is developed. An analytical solution for the
wave function of the particle experiencing Raman excitation is found as an
expansion in terms of the time varying nonadiabatic perturbation parameter. The
solution can be presented as a sum of adiabatic and nonadiabatic parts. Both
are estimated quantitatively. It is shown that the limiting value to which the
amplitude of the nonadiabatic part tends is equal to the Fourier component of
the nonadiabatic perturbation parameter taken at the Rabi frequency of the
Raman excitation. The time scale of the variation of both parts is found. While
the adiabatic part of the solution varies slowly and follows the change of the
nonadiabatic perturbation parameter, the nonadiabatic part appears almost
instantly, revealing a jumpwise transition between the dark and bright states.
This jump happens when the nonadiabatic perturbation parameter takes its
maximum value.Comment: 33 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PRA on 28 Oct. 200
Addressing the Classification with Imbalanced Data: Open Problems and New Challenges on Class Distribution
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