An Economic Evaluation of Irish Salmon Fishing General Summary of Results. ESRI Memorandum Series No. 99 1974

The purpose of the study was to investigate the economies of salmon fishing in Ireland. Essentially, it set out to answer the question "how valuable was the Irish salmon industry to the economy in 1970?" In order to answer this question, the study tried to evaluate the economic impact of angling and commercial fishing on the various districts, determine the capacity of the industry for future development and provide information to assist in the more effective marketing of salmon and sea-trout angling. Although the survey was confined to 1970, its findings may be updated for subsequent years by means of the regularly published data on catches and numbers of licences, and by appropriate price indices

An Economic Evaluation of Irish Salmon Fishing, II: The Irish Anglers. General Research Series Paper No. 75, June 1974

The first part of the study, which dealt with salmon anglers from outside the Republic, has already been completed and the results published [i]. The terms of reference of the study together with some background information were given in the latter publication. This second part is concerned with Irish salmon anglers and particularly with assessing the extent and regional distribution of the economic effects of their activities. In both these papers, we attempt to find out what Sort of peoplethe ang!ers are; where and how Often they fish, and, particularly, how much they spend and where this expenditure takes place. The concluding part of the study will deal with commercial fishermen and fishery operators, and in that paper we also hope to amalgamate our information on angling and on commercial fishing into a comprehensive picture of Irish salmon fishing

The Information Geometry of the One-Dimensional Potts Model

In various statistical-mechanical models the introduction of a metric onto the space of parameters (e.g. the temperature variable, $\beta$, and the external field variable, $h$, in the case of spin models) gives an alternative perspective on the phase structure. For the one-dimensional Ising model the scalar curvature, ${\cal R}$, of this metric can be calculated explicitly in the thermodynamic limit and is found to be ${\cal R} = 1 + \cosh (h) / \sqrt{\sinh^2 (h) + \exp (- 4 \beta)}$. This is positive definite and, for physical fields and temperatures, diverges only at the zero-temperature, zero-field ``critical point'' of the model. In this note we calculate ${\cal R}$ for the one-dimensional $q$-state Potts model, finding an expression of the form ${\cal R} = A(q,\beta,h) + B (q,\beta,h)/\sqrt{\eta(q,\beta,h)}$, where $\eta(q,\beta,h)$ is the Potts analogue of $\sinh^2 (h) + \exp (- 4 \beta)$. This is no longer positive definite, but once again it diverges only at the critical point in the space of real parameters. We remark, however, that a naive analytic continuation to complex field reveals a further divergence in the Ising and Potts curvatures at the Lee-Yang edge.Comment: 9 pages + 4 eps figure

An Economic Evaluation of Irish Salmon Fishing, III: The Commercial Fishermen. ESRI General Research Series Paper No. 78, November 1974

This is the third report of a study entitled An Economic Evaluation of Irish Salmon and Sea-Trout Fishing which was sponsored by the Department of Agriculture and Fishseries and conducted by the Economic and Social Research Institute. The first report was concerned with the visiting anglers (i.e. salmon anglers from outside the Republic) [I] while the second report dealt with the Irish anglers [2]. The terms of reference of the study together with some background information on the life history of the salmon and on methods of evaluation were given in the previous reports. This third study deals with commercial salmon fishermen, their methods of operation, the time spent fishing, their alternative occupations and particularly with the income arising from salmon fishing. The report also gives information relating to the owners of angling waters and the opinions of these and of the commercial fishermen on certain aspects of salmon fishing. In the final section of the paper an attempt is made to collate the results of the three studies so as to provide some basis on which policy issues can be considered

Relatedness between the two-component lantibiotics lacticin 3147 and staphylococcin C55 based on structure, genetics and biological activity

BACKGROUND: Two component lantibiotics, such as the plasmid-encoded lacticin 3147 produced by Lactococcus lactis DPC3147 and staphylococcin C55 produced by Staphylococcus aureus C55, represent an emerging subgroup of bacteriocins. These two bacteriocins are particularly closely related, exhibiting 86% (LtnA1 and C55α) and 55% (LtnA2 and C55β) identity in their component peptides. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time for any two component bacteriocins, the significance of the relatedness between these two systems. RESULTS: So close is this relatedness that the hybrid peptide pairs LtnA1:C55β and C55α:LtnA2 were found to have activities in the single nanomolar range, comparing well with the native pairings. To determine whether this flexibility extended to the associated post-translational modification/processing machinery, the staphylococcin C55 structural genes were directly substituted for their lacticin 3147 counterparts in the ltn operon on the large conjugative lactococcal plasmid pMRC01. It was established that the lacticin LtnA1 post-translational and processing machinery could produce functionally active C55α, but not C55β. In order to investigate in closer detail the significance of the differences between LtnA1 and C55α, three residues in LtnA1 were replaced with the equivalent residues in C55α. Surprisingly, one such mutant LtnA1-Leu21Ala was not produced. This may be significant given the positioning of this residue in a putative lipid II binding loop. CONCLUSION: It is apparent, despite sharing striking similarities in terms of structure and activity, that these two complex bacteriocins display some highly dedicated features particular to either system

Towards a conflict account of déjà vu : the role of memory errors and memory expectation conflict in the experience of déjà vu

This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [grant number BB/M010996/1].Déjà vu can be defined as conflict between a subjective evaluation of familiarity and a concurrent evaluation of novelty. Accounts of the déjà vu experience have not explicitly referred to a “conflict account of déjà vu” despite the acceptance of conflict-based definitions of déjà vu and relatively recent neuroimaging work that has implicated brain areas associated with conflict as underpinning the experience. Conflict monitoring functioning follows a similar age-related trajectory to déjà vu with a peak in young adulthood and a subsequent age-related decline. In this narrative review of the literature to date, we consider how déjà vu is defined and how this has influenced the understanding of déjà vu. We also review how déjà vu can be understood within theories of recognition memory and cognitive control. Finally, we summarise the conflict account of déjà vu and propose that this account of the experience may provide a coherent explanation as to why déjà vu experiences tend to decrease with age in the non-clinical population.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

A New Method of Measuring 81Kr and 85Kr Abundances in Environmental Samples

We demonstrate a new method for determining the 81Kr/Kr ratio in environmental samples based upon two measurements: the 85Kr/81Kr ratio measured by Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA) and the 85Kr/Kr ratio measured by Low-Level Counting (LLC). This method can be used to determine the mean residence time of groundwater in the range of 10^5 - 10^6 a. It requires a sample of 100 micro-l STP of Kr extracted from approximately two tons of water. With modern atmospheric Kr samples, we demonstrate that the ratios measured by ATTA and LLC are directly proportional to each other within the measurement error of +/- 10%; we calibrate the 81Kr/Kr ratio of modern air measured using this method; and we show that the 81Kr/Kr ratios of samples extracted from air before and after the development of the nuclear industry are identical within the measurement error