Spatial distribution of introduced brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Salmonidae) within alpine lakes: evidences from a fish eradication campaign

Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis have been used worldwide to stock fishless alpine lakes, negatively affecting native biota. Understanding its spatial ecology in invaded ecosystems can provide information to interpret and contrast its ecological impact. We opportunistically used capture points of brook trout gillnetted during an eradication campaign to assess the distribution patterns of four unexploited populations inhabiting high-altitude lakes. The main eradication method implies the use of many gillnets with several mesh sizes, which are selective for different fish sizes. For each lake we drew six capture maps associated with as many different mesh sizes, and we tested whether the distance from the coastline (which in alpine lakes is a reliable proxy of the most important spatial gradients, e.g. depth, temperature, prey availability, lighting conditions) influences the proportion of captured fish belonging to different size classes and the number of fish captured by the nets with different mesh sizes. To interpret the results, we also provide a cartographic description of the lakes’ bathymetry and littoral microhabitats. We found (1) a negative relationship between brook trout distribution and the distance from the coastline in all of the size classes, lakes and mesh sizes; (2) that large brook trout can thrive in the lakes’ center, while small ones are limited to the littoral areas; and (3) that the distance from the coastline alone cannot explain all the differences in the catch densities in different parts of the lakes. As in their native range, introduced brook trout populations also have littoral habits. Microhabitats, prey availability and distance from the spawning ground are other likely factors determining the distribution patterns of brook trout populations introduced in alpine lakes. The obtained results also provide useful information on how to plan new eradication campaigns

Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi pada Masyarakat di Pesisir Sungai Siak Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru

Hypertension was one of the deases which often caused cardiovascular disorder and the reason from enhance of death number because of cardiovascular disorder that come from hypertension, was to know the hypertension risk factor and do the prevention. In Indonesia, hypertension was serious problem, beside because of the high prevalension, also the disease came from that is fatal like heart disease, stroke, kidney failure and others. Arm of this experiment to get information about the amount of risk factor which adhere or cannot be change and the risk factor which can be change as hypertension risk factor. The experiment was kind of observasional analytic experiment with case control study. Number of respondent is 78 sample, consist of 39 cases and 39 control. Sample collected was using consecutive sampling method. The data was analyzing bivariat and multivariat with regression logistic method, using SPSS program. Experiment result shows that there were 3 risk factor which related to hypertension event that was physical activity (p=0,000; OR=13,47; 95% CI=3,52-51,58), obecity (p=0,002; OR=6,46; 95% CI=1,95-21,47) dan stress (p=0,016; OR=0,196; 95% CI=0,05-0,74)

Parabolic stable surfaces with constant mean curvature

We prove that if u is a bounded smooth function in the kernel of a nonnegative Schrodinger operator $-L=-(\Delta +q)$ on a parabolic Riemannian manifold M, then u is either identically zero or it has no zeros on M, and the linear space of such functions is 1-dimensional. We obtain consequences for orientable, complete stable surfaces with constant mean curvature $H\in\mathbb{R}$ in homogeneous spaces $\mathbb{E}(\kappa,\tau)$ with four dimensional isometry group. For instance, if M is an orientable, parabolic, complete immersed surface with constant mean curvature H in $\mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}$, then $|H|\leq 1/2$ and if equality holds, then M is either an entire graph or a vertical horocylinder.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure. Minor changes have been incorporated (exchange finite capacity by parabolicity, and simplify the proof of Theorem 1)

Early apoptosis of porcine alveolar macrophages limits avian influenza virus replication and proinflammatory dysregulation

Pigs are evidently more resistant to avian than swine influenza A viruses, mediated in part through frontline epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages (AM). Although porcine AM (PAM) are crucial in influenza virus control, their mode of control is unclear. To gain insight into the possible role of PAM in the mediation of avian influenza virus resistance, we compared the host effects and replication of two avian (H2N3 and H6N1) and three mammalian (swine H1N1, human H1N1 and pandemic H1N1) influenza viruses in PAM. We found that PAM were readily susceptible to initial infection with all five avian and mammalian influenza viruses but only avian viruses caused early and extensive apoptosis (by 6 h of infection) resulting in reduced virus progeny and moderated pro- inflammation. Full length viral PB1-F2 present only in avian influenza viruses is a virulence factor that targets AM for mitochondrial associated apoptotic cell death. With the use of reverse genetics on an avian H5N1 virus, we found that full length PB1-F2 contributed to increased apoptosis and pro-inflammation but not to reduced virus replication. Taken together, we propose that early apoptosis of PAM limits the spread of avian influenza viruses and that PB1-F2 could play a contributory role in the process

Bat lung epithelial cells show greater host species-specific innate resistance than MDCK cells to human and avian influenza viruses

Background With the recent discovery of novel H17N10 and H18N11 influenza viral RNA in bats and report on high frequency of avian H9 seroconversion in a species of free ranging bats, an important issue to address is the extent bats are susceptible to conventional avian and human influenza A viruses. Method To this end, three bat species (Eidolon helvum, Carollia perspicillata and Tadarida brasiliensis) of lung epithelial cells were separately infected with two avian and two human influenza viruses to determine their relative host innate immune resistance to infection. Results All three species of bat cells were more resistant than positive control Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells to all four influenza viruses. TB1-Lu cells lacked sialic acid α2,6-Gal receptors and were most resistant among the three bat species. Interestingly, avian viruses were relatively more replication permissive in all three bat species of cells than with the use of human viruses which suggest that bats could potentially play a role in the ecology of avian influenza viruses. Chemical inhibition of the JAK-STAT pathway in bat cells had no effect on virus production suggesting that type I interferon signalling is not a major factor in resisting influenza virus infection. Conclusion Although all three species of bat cells are relatively more resistant to influenza virus infection than control MDCK cells, they are more permissive to avian than human viruses which suggest that bats could have a contributory role in the ecology of avian influenza viruses

Pengaruh Jumlah Wisatawan dan Jumlah Obyek Wisata terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Sumenep Tahun 2015-2022

This research aims to determine the effect of the number of tourists and the number of tourist attractions on the local revenue (PAD) of Sumenep Regency for the 2015-2022 period. The type of research used is quantitative and secondary data. The population of this study is all data on the number of tourists, tourist attractions and local revenue (PAD) from the 2015-2022 period. The sample for this research is annual data on the number of tourists, number of tourist attractions and local income for Sumenep Regency for 2015-2022. The method used in sampling this research is the saturated sample method. Data collection in this research used documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis methods. This research obtained results that the number of tourists did not have a significant effect on local original income in 2015-2022, the number of tourist attractions had a positive and significant effect on local original income in 2015-2022, and the number of tourists and the number of tourist attractions did not have a simultaneous effect on local original income. Sumenep Regency 2015-2022.Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah wisatawan dan jumlah obyek wisata terhadap pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Sumenep periode 2015-2022. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan data sekunder. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh data jumlah wisatawan, obyek wisata dan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) dari periode 2015-2022. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu data tahunan dari jumlah wisatawan, jumlah obyek wisata dan pendapatan asli daerah Kabupaten Sumenep tahun 2015-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu metode sampel jenuh. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode anaisis regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa jumlah wisatawan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah tahun 2015-2022, jumlah obyek wisata berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah tahun 2015-2022, serta jumlah wisatawan dan jumlah obyek wisata tidak berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah Kabupaten Sumenep tahun 2015-2022

Mammalian innate resistance to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection is mediated through reduced proinflammation and infectious virus release

Respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages are the key innate immune cells that play an important role in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection. We found that these two cell types from both human and pig showed comparable susceptibilities to initial infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus (A/turkey/Turkey/1/05) and a moderately pathogenic human influenza H1N1 virus (A/USSR/77), but there were contrasting differences in host innate immune responses. Human cells mounted vigorous cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and chemokine (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) responses to H5N1 virus infection. However, pig epithelial cells and macrophages showed weak or no TNF-α and chemokine induction with the same infections. The apparent lack of a strong proinflammatory response, corroborated by the absence of TNF-α induction in H5N1 virus-challenged pigs, coincided with greater cell death and the reduced release of infectious virus from infected pig epithelial cells. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a protein suppressor of the JAK-STAT pathway, was constitutively highly expressed and transcriptionally upregulated in H5N1 virus-infected pig epithelial cells and macrophages, in contrast to the corresponding human cells. The overexpression of SOCS3 in infected human macrophages dampened TNF-α induction. In summary, we found that the reported low susceptibility of pigs to contemporary Eurasian HPAI H5N1 virus infections coincides at the level of innate immunity of respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages with a reduced output of viable virus and an attenuated proinflammatory response, possibly mediated in part by SOCS3, which could serve as a target in the treatment or prevention of virus-induced hypercytokinemia, as observed for humans

Pengaruh Jumlah Wisatawan dan Jumlah Obyek Wisata terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kabupaten Sumenep Tahun 2015-2022

This research aims to determine the effect of the number of tourists and the number of tourist attractions on the local revenue (PAD) of Sumenep Regency for the 2015-2022 period. The type of research used is quantitative and secondary data. The population of this study is all data on the number of tourists, tourist attractions and local revenue (PAD) from the 2015-2022 period. The sample for this research is annual data on the number of tourists, number of tourist attractions and local income for Sumenep Regency for 2015-2022. The method used in sampling this research is the saturated sample method. Data collection in this research used documentation techniques. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis methods. This research obtained results that the number of tourists did not have a significant effect on local original income in 2015-2022, the number of tourist attractions had a positive and significant effect on local original income in 2015-2022, and the number of tourists and the number of tourist attractions did not have a simultaneous effect on local original income. Sumenep Regency 2015-2022.Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah wisatawan dan jumlah obyek wisata terhadap pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Sumenep periode 2015-2022. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dan data sekunder. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh data jumlah wisatawan, obyek wisata dan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) dari periode 2015-2022. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu data tahunan dari jumlah wisatawan, jumlah obyek wisata dan pendapatan asli daerah Kabupaten Sumenep tahun 2015-2022. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu metode sampel jenuh. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode anaisis regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil bahwa jumlah wisatawan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah tahun 2015-2022, jumlah obyek wisata berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah tahun 2015-2022, serta jumlah wisatawan dan jumlah obyek wisata tidak berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah Kabupaten Sumenep tahun 2015-2022