Dynamic and tribological analysis of a toroidal CVT

The continuously variable transmission investigated in this paper works with contacts in the elastohydrodynamic regime of lubrication, thus the tangential forces are transmitted between elements through the shearing the lubricant film. The behavior of the lubricant film when subjected to shear depends of the nature of the lubricant and the relative motion between the contacting surfaces. In this paper a non-Newtonian behavior is assumed for the lubricant while the relative motion is determined for every point on the contact area by kinematic methods. The net tractive force in the sliding direction, and the spin torque are evaluated and from these the power losses in the contacts are calculated. The dynamic behavior of the device is evaluated taking into account the rheological behavior of the lubricant

The Conflict between Bell-Zukowski Inequality and Bell-Mermin Inequality

We consider a two-particle/two-setting Bell experiment to visualize the conflict between Bell-\.Zukowski inequality and Bell-Mermin inequality. The experiment is reproducible by local realistic theories which are not rotationally invariant. We found that the average value of the Bell-\.Zukowski operator can be evaluated only by the two-particle/two-setting Bell experiment in question. The Bell-\.Zukowski inequality reveals that the constructed local realistic models for the experiment are not rotationally invariant. That is, the two-particle Bell experiment in question reveals the conflict between Bell-\.Zukowski inequality and Bell-Mermin inequality. Our analysis has found the threshold visibility for the two-particle interference to reveal the conflict noted above. It is found that the threshold visibility agrees with the value to obtain a violation of the Bell-\.Zukowski inequality.Comment: To appear in Modern Physics Letters

Near-Infrared Counterparts to Chandra X-ray Sources toward the Galactic Center. I. Statistics and a Catalog of Candidates

We present a catalog of 5184 candidate infrared counterparts to X-ray sources detected towards the Galactic center. The X-ray sample contains 9017 point sources detected in this region by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, including data from a recent deep survey of the central 2 x 0.8 deg of the Galactic plane. A total of 6760 of these sources have hard X-ray colors, and the majority of them lie near the Galactic center, while most of the remaining 2257 soft X-ray sources lie in the foreground. We cross-correlated the X-ray source positions with the 2MASS and SIRIUS near-infrared catalogs, which collectively contain stars with a 10-sigma limiting flux of K_s<=15.6 mag. In order to distinguish absorbed infrared sources near the Galactic center from those in the foreground, we defined red and blue sources as those which have H-K_s>=0.9 and <=0.9 mag, respectively. We find that 5.8(1.5)% of the hard X-ray sources have real infrared counterparts, of which 228(99) are red and 166(27) are blue. The red counterparts are probably comprised of WR/O stars, HMXBs, and symbiotics near the Galactic center. We also find that 39.4(1.0)% of the soft X-ray sources have blue infrared counterparts; most of these are probably coronally active dwarfs in the foreground. There is a noteworthy collection of ~20 red counterparts to hard X-ray sources near the Sagittarius-B H II region, which are probably massive binaries that have formed within the last several Myr. For each of the infrared matches to X-ray sources in our catalog we derived the probability that the association is real, based on the results of the cross-correlation analysis. The catalog will serve spectroscopic surveys to identify infrared counterparts to X-ray sources near the Galactic center.Comment: Submitted to ApJ January 16, 2009; accepted July 21, 2009; 30 pages, 6 figure

The fluctuation of transmission specificity and efficiency of tomato spotted wilt virus by Frankliniella schultzei.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T16:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nagatafluctuation.pdf: 739681 bytes, checksum: e2ffccc9d42f8de46432200b6535d959 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-2

Some remarks on the hyperelliptic moduli of genus 3

In 1967, Shioda \cite{Shi1} determined the ring of invariants of binary octavics and their syzygies using the symbolic method. We discover that the syzygies determined in \cite{Shi1} are incorrect. In this paper, we compute the correct equations among the invariants of the binary octavics and give necessary and sufficient conditions for two genus 3 hyperelliptic curves to be isomorphic over an algebraically closed field $k$, $\ch k \neq 2, 3, 5, 7$. For the first time, an explicit equation of the hyperelliptic moduli for genus 3 is computed in terms of absolute invariants.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1209.044

Wide-Field Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of the NGC 6334 Region: A Nest of Infrared Reflection Nebulae

We report the detection of eighteen infrared reflection nebulae (IRNe) in the $J$, $H$, & $Ks$ linear polarimetric observations of the NGC 6334 massive star-formation complex, of which 16 IRNe are new discoveries. Our images cover $\sim$180 square arcminutes, one of the widest near-infrared polarization data in star-formation regions so far. These IRNe are most likely associated with embedded young OB stars at different evolutionary phases, showing a variety of sizes, morphologies, and polarization properties, which can be divided into four categories. We argue the different nebula characteristics to be a possible evolutionary sequence of circumstellar structures around young massive stars.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

A one-sided Prime Ideal Principle for noncommutative rings

Completely prime right ideals are introduced as a one-sided generalization of the concept of a prime ideal in a commutative ring. Some of their basic properties are investigated, pointing out both similarities and differences between these right ideals and their commutative counterparts. We prove the Completely Prime Ideal Principle, a theorem stating that right ideals that are maximal in a specific sense must be completely prime. We offer a number of applications of the Completely Prime Ideal Principle arising from many diverse concepts in rings and modules. These applications show how completely prime right ideals control the one-sided structure of a ring, and they recover earlier theorems stating that certain noncommutative rings are domains (namely, proper right PCI rings and rings with the right restricted minimum condition that are not right artinian). In order to provide a deeper understanding of the set of completely prime right ideals in a general ring, we study the special subset of comonoform right ideals.Comment: 38 page

Molecular Structure and Modeling of Water-Air and Ice-Air Interfaces Monitored by Sum-Frequency Generation.

From a glass of water to glaciers in Antarctica, water-air and ice-air interfaces are abundant on Earth. Molecular-level structure and dynamics at these interfaces are key for understanding many chemical/physical/atmospheric processes including the slipperiness of ice surfaces, the surface tension of water, and evaporation/sublimation of water. Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the molecular-level structure of these interfaces because SFG can specifically probe the topmost interfacial water molecules separately from the bulk and is sensitive to molecular conformation. Nevertheless, experimental SFG has several limitations. For example, SFG cannot provide information on the depth of the interface and how the orientation of the molecules varies with distance from the surface. By combining the SFG spectroscopy with simulation techniques, one can directly compare the experimental data with the simulated SFG spectra, allowing us to unveil the molecular-level structure of water-air and ice-air interfaces. Here, we present an overview of the different simulation protocols available for SFG spectra calculations. We systematically compare the SFG spectra computed with different approaches, revealing the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. Furthermore, we account for the findings through combined SFG experiments and simulations and provide future challenges for SFG experiments and simulations at different aqueous interfaces

Constraints on the time variation of the fine structure constant by the 5-year WMAP data

The constraints on the time variation of the fine structure constant at recombination epoch relative to its present value, $\Delta\alpha/\alpha \equiv (\alpha_{\mathrm{rec}} - \alpha_{\mathrm{now}})/\alpha_{\mathrm{now}}$, are obtained from the analysis of the 5-year WMAP cosmic microwave background data. As a result of Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo analysis, it is found that, contrary to the analysis based on the previous WMAP data, the mean value of $\Delta\alpha/\alpha=-0.0009$ does not change significantly whether we use the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) measurement of the Hubble parameter as a prior or not. The resultant 95% confidence ranges of $\Delta\alpha/\alpha$ are $-0.028 < \Delta\alpha/\alpha < 0.026$ with HST prior and $-0.050 < \Delta\alpha/\alpha < 0.042$ without HST prior.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures; references adde

Exact Analysis of ESR Shift in the Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain

A systematic perturbation theory is developed for the ESR shift and is applied to the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain. Using the Bethe ansatz technique, we exactly analyze the resonance shift in the first order of perturbative expansion with respect to an anisotropic exchange interaction. Exact result for the whole range of temperature and magnetic field, as well as asymptotic behavior in the low-temperature limit are presented. The obtained g-shift strongly depends on magnetic fields at low temperature, showing a significant deviation from the previous classical result.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures,to be published in Phys. Rev. Let