EXPERIMENTS ON COMBINED ELECTRO AND BACTERIAL LEACHING (Short Communication)

The influence of direct current and of current with changing the poles two times per sec at intensities of 0,2...15 mA and at tensions of 12...170 Von leaching of pyrite dispersed in quartzite in percolators with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied. The solution of iron was accelerated by bacteria without current and by current without bacteria, but in combination the acceleration did not exceed the sum of both single effects. The results suggest that there is no direct elec- trophysiological influence of current on bacteria under conditions of our experiments. At present we try to utilize indirect electrochemical effects of current on bacterial leaching of chalcopyrite

In search of a new class of stable nitroxide: Synthesis and reactivity of a peri-substituted N,N-bissulfonylhydroxylamine

Acyclic bissulfonylnitroxides have never been isolated, and degrade through fragmentation. In an approach to stabilising a bissulfonylnitroxide radical, the cyclic, peri-substituted N,N-bissulfonylhydroxylamine, 2-hydroxynaphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]dithiazine 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide (1), has been prepared by formal nitrogen insertion into the sulfur–sulfur bond of a sulfinylsulfone, naphtho[1,8-cd][1,2]dithiole 1,1,2-trioxide. The heterocyclic ring of 1 is shown to adopt a sofa conformation by X-ray crystallography, with a pseudo-axial hydroxyl group. N,N-Bissulfonylhydroxylamine 1 displays high thermal, photochemical and hydrolytic stability compared to acyclic systems. EPR analysis reveals formation of the corresponding bissulfonylnitroxide 2 upon oxidation of 1 with the Ce(IV) salts CAN and CTAN. Although 2 does not undergo fragmentation, it cannot be isolated, since hydrogen atom abstraction to reform 1 occurs in situ. The stability and reactivity of 1 and 2 are compared with the known cyclic benzo-fused N,N-bissulfonylhydroxylamine, N-hydroxy-O-benzenedisulfonimide (6), for which the X-ray data, and EPR of the corresponding nitroxide 10, are also reported for the first time