Application du moulage au latex à l'anthropologie archéologique : la tombe 66 de Pernant

Demetz Jean-Louis, Sinet R., Lobjois Gilbert. Application du moulage au latex à l'anthropologie archéologique : la tombe 66 de Pernant. In: Revue du Nord, tome 48, n°191, Octobre-décembre 1966. pp. 602-604

Effects on Driver’s Behavior of Illegal Pedestrian Crossings

The aim of this study was to analyze the driver behavior during the interaction with a pedestrian crossing into and outside the zebra crossing. 42 participants experienced different conditions of driver-pedestrian interactions (no pedestrian, legal and illegal crossings). The drivers’ behavior variables were collected from the drivers’ speed profiles, which were plotted in the last 150 m in advance of the collision point. Based on the vehicle dynamics, more critical driver’s speed behaviors were revealed for illegal pedestrian crossings, for which the driver adopted abrupt yielding maneuver compared to the legal crossing condition. Moreover, higher accident rates were recorded when drivers interacted with jaywalkers. The results confirm that adequate pedestrian paths should be planned in order to avoid jaywalker conditions and pedestrian detection systems could significantly help the driver in the condition of illegal pedestrian crossing behavior

The effect of acute caffeine ingestion on coincidence anticipation timing in younger and older adults

This study compared the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on coincidence timing accuracy in younger and older adults. Thirteen young (aged 18-25 years, age: 20 ± 2 years, 7 females, 5 males) and 13 older (aged 61-77 years, age: 68 ± 6 years, 9 females, 3 males) adults, all who were habitual moderate caffeine consumers undertook measures of coincident anticipation timing performance pre- and post-acute caffeine (3 mg/kg) or placebo ingestion administered in a double blind, randomized fashion. Results indicated significant pre-to-post X substance (caffeine vs. placebo) interactions for absolute (P = 0.02, Pη(2) = 0.204) and variable error (P = 0.015, Pη(2) = 0.221). In both cases, error (absolute or variable) improved pre-to-post ingestion in the caffeine condition but not in the placebo condition. There were no significant differences due to age (younger vs. older adults, P > 0.05) in any of the analyses. The results of this study suggest that acute caffeine ingestion positively influence coincidence anticipation timing performance in both younger and older adults, who are moderate habitual caffeine consumers. Such effects might therefore be useful for older adults in enhancing ability to undertake cognitive-perceptual tasks which involve interceptive actions

Análise do desempenho motor em tarefas de "timing" antecipatório em idosos praticantes de esportes de interceptação Análisis del desempeño motor en las tareas de "timing" de previsión en ancianos practicantes de deporte de interceptación Analysis of motor performance in timing anticipatory tasks in elderly practioners of interception sports

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da prática de esporte de interceptação no desempenho em uma tarefa complexa de "timing" antecipatório em idosos. Participaram do estudo 73 indivíduos, distribuídos em três grupos: idosos atletas, idosos não atletas e adultos jovens. A tarefa consistiu na execução de uma sequência de toques em quatro sensores, realizados simultaneamente ao deslocamento do estímulo, de modo que o último toque coincidisse com o acendimento do último diodo. Foram utilizadas três velocidades de acendimento dos diodos (1 m/s, 1,5 m/s, 2,2 m/s), sendo realizadas 10 tentativas em cada velocidade. O desempenho foi analisado por meio do cálculo do erro constante, erro variável e erro absoluto. Os resultados indicaram efeito positivo da prática de esporte sobre o desempenho do "timing" antecipatório em idosos atletas. Houve também, efeito da variação da velocidade do estímulo, com os melhores desempenhos dos grupos na velocidade moderada.<br>Análisis del desempeño motor en las tareas de "timing" de previsión en ancianos practicantes de deporte de interceptación El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto de la practica de deportes de intercepción en el desempeño en una tarea compleja de "timing" de previsión en ancianos. Participaron de este estudio 73 pacientes divididos en tres grupos: ancianos deportistas, ancianos no-deportistas y jóvenes. La tarea consistió en la ejecución de una secuencia de toques en cuatro sensores, realizados simultáneamente con el desplazamiento del estímulo, de modo que el último toque coincidiese en con el encendimiento del último diodo. Se utilizaron tres velocidades de encendimiento de los diodos (1 m / s 1,5 m / s 2,2 m / s), siendo efectuados diez intentos en cada velocidad. El rendimiento fue analizada mediante el cálculo de la constante de error, del error variable y del error absoluto. Los resultados indicaron efecto positivo de la práctica deportiva en el desempeño de "timing "de previsión en los ancianos deportistas. Hubo también el efecto de variar la velocidad del estímulo, con los mejores rendimientos de los grupos en la velocidad moderada.<br>The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of interception sports on the performance in of a complex anticipatory timing task in the elderly. The study included 73 participants divided into three groups: elderly athletes, elderly and young non-athletes. The task consisted in the execution of a sequence of touchs in four sensors, simultaneously to the lighting of diodes aligned in a groove, with the last touch matching the lighting of the last diode. We used three speeds of diode lighting (1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, 2.2 m/s), with ten trials for each speed. The performance was analyzed by calculating the constant error, variable error and absolute error. The results indicated positive effect of sports on the anticipatory timing performance in elderly athletes. There was also the effect of varying the speed of the stimulus, with the best performances of the groups at moderate speed