Research Notes : Calico mosaic of soybeans: Sources of resistance and inheritance of reaction

Calico mosaic of soybean is caused by the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) (Almeida et al., 1981). Soybean plants infected with AMV were first reported in the USA by Allington et al. (1969), in soybean fields close to alfalfa fields. The presence of AMV in Brazil was reported by Costa et al. (1980), who demonstrated in their study that soybean was a good differential host for the virus

Automatic-dependent surveillance-broadcast experimental deployment using system wide information management

This paper describes an automatic-dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) implementation for air-to-air and ground-based experimental surveillance within a prototype of a fully automated air traffic management (ATM) system, under a trajectory-based-operations paradigm. The system is built using an air-inclusive implementation of system wide information management (SWIM). This work describes the relations between airborne and ground surveillance (SURGND), the prototype surveillance systems, and their algorithms. System's performance is analyzed with simulated and real data. Results show that the proposed ADS-B implementation can fulfill the most demanding surveillance accuracy requirements

Polymer electrolytes for electrochromic devices

Polymer electrolytes are currently the focus of much attention as potential electrolytes in electrochemical devices such as batteries, display devices and sensors. Generically, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are mixtures of salts with soft polar polymers. SPEs have many advantages including high energy density, no risk of leakage, no issues related to the presence of solvent, wide electrochemical stability windows, simplified processability and light weight. With the goal of developing a new family of environmentally friendly multifunctional biohybrid materials displaying high ionic conductivity we have produced in the present work, flexible films based on different polymers or hybrids incorporating different salts. The polymer electrolytes studied here have been characterized by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetric Analysis, X-ray diffraction, Polarized Optical Microscopy, complex impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. An evaluation of the performance of the sample with the highest conductivity as electrolyte in all solid-state ECDs was performed

Polymer electrolytes for electrochromic devices through solvent casting and sol-gel routes

Ionically conductive membranes of gelatin and d-PCL(530)/siloxane doped with cyano-based ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared through solvent casting and sol-gel methods, respectively. The membranes were characterized in terms of ionic conductivity, thermal behavior, morphology, and structure. All samples, except the d-PCL(530)/siloxane matrix, exhibited a predominantly amorphous morphology. The samples prepared through solvent casting and sol-gel displayed a minimum thermal stability of 170 and 230 ºC, respectively. The ionic conductivity varied accordingly with the type, quantity, and length of the alkyl chain of the cation of the ILs. The sample with the highest ionic conductivity was gelatin0.5[C2mim][N(CN)2] with 2.40 x 10-3 S. cm-1 at 25 ºC and 1.68 x 10-2 S. cm-1 at 95 ºC. The good results of ionic conductivity encouraged the assembly and characterization of prototypes of electrochromic devices (ECDs). The best results were obtained with glass/ITO/WO3/gelatin1[C2mim][SCN]/CeO2-TiO2/ITO/glass configuration that showed a fast color switching time (~ 15 s) and a good open circuit memory (~ 4 hours). The ECD changed its color from pale blue to transparent, and its charge density decreased from -17.53 to - 2.71 mC. cm-2 during 640 color/bleaching cycles.This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) in the framework of the Research unit GREEN-it "Bioresources for Sustainability" (UID/Multi/04551/2013), Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde – Tecnologias e Processos Limpos-LAQV (UID/QUI/50006/2013), grant SRFH/BD/90366/2012 (R.L.) and a contract under Investigador FCT 2012 program (J.M.S.S.E.). It was also co-financed by FEDER through the COMPETE Program and PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER – 007265). M.M. Silva acknowledges CNPq (PVE grant 406617/2013-9) for the mobility grant provided by this institution. A. Pawlicka and R.C. Sabadini acknowledge CNPq (grant 305029/2013-4 and 152252/2016-9), and F.C. Sentanin acknowledges CAPES (grant PNPD20131739- 33002045017P6).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Investigation of polymer electrolyte based on agar and ionic liquids

The possibility to use natural polymer as ionic conducting matrix was investigated in this study. Samples of agarbased electrolytes with different ionic liquids were prepared and characterized by physical and chemical analyses. The ionic liquids used in this work were 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, [C2mim][C2SO4], 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [C2mim][OAc] and trimethyl-ethanolammonium acetate, [Ch][OAc]. Samples of solvent-free electrolytes were prepared and characterized by ionic conductivity measurements, thermal analysis, electrochemical stability, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrolyte samples are thermally stable up to approximately 190°C. All the materials synthesized are semicrystalline. The electrochemical stability domain of all samples is about 2.0 V versus Li/Li+. The preliminary studies carried out with electrochromic devices (ECDs) incorporating optimized compositions have confirmed that these materials may perform as satisfactory multifunctional component layers in the field of ‘smart windows’, as well as ECD-based devices

Damage by stink bugs on small-seeded soybean genotypes

Com o objetivo de comparar os danos causados pelo percevejo Nezara viridula (L.) na cultivar de soja (Glycine max Merrill), 'Bragg', de semente grande, com linhagens de semente pequena, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa-de-vegetação e um experimento em campo, no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, da EMBRAPA, em Londrina, PR. Além do dano, observou-se a localização das sementes danificadas em diferentes alturas da planta, e a capacidade de dano do percevejo. Os resultados indicaram menor peso e percentagem de sementes danificadas nas linhagens BR 79-15807 e BR 79-15197, do que na 'Bragg' Observou-se que os percevejos se alimentaram principalmente nos terços superior e médio da planta. O número de sementes picadas/percevejo/dia foi de 3,7 na 'Bragg' e de 3,4 na BR 79-15807. Em outro experimento conduzido em campo, visando testar a interação dano de percevejo Piezodorus guildinil (West.) e fungo Nematospora coryli Peglion, observou-se que as plantas introduzidas (PI’s) 227.687 e 86.490 apresentaram maior tolerância à ação do percevejo do que a 'Bragg'. A percentagem de sementes sadias foi superior nas PI's em relação à 'Brag', quando submetidas ao ataque de percevejos P. guildinii infectados ou não com N. coryli.With the objective of comparing the damage of the stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) on the commercial cultivar 'Bragg' with large seeds, and genotypes with email seeds, two experiments were carried out: in the greenhouse and one in the field, at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Soja, in Londrina, PR. Besides damage, the localization of injured seeds at different heights of the plant, and the capacity of damage/insect/day were observed. The results indicated that genotypes BR 79-15807 and DA 79-15191 showed less percentage and lower weight of injured seeds than did 'Bragg'. The stink bugs showed preference to feed on the upper and medium thirds of the soybean plant. The mean number of seeds injured/insect/day was 3.7 and 3.4 for 'Bragg' and for BR 79-15807, respectivelly. The results of an additional field experiment, carried out to study the damage interaction of the stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (West) and the fungus Nematospora coryli Peglion, indicated a higher tolerance of the PI's 227.687 and 86.490 to the damage caused by P. guildinii when compared with Bragg'. The percentage of normal seeds, when attacked by stink bugs infected or not with N. coryli, was superior for the PI's than for ‘Bragg’

Perioperative intensive care in patients with brain tumours

The surgery of brain tumours is not free from complications, above all taking into account that today the patients operated are even older and with multiple comorbidities associated. The multidisciplinary preoperative evaluation aims at minimising the risks; nevertheless this evaluation has not yet been defined and is not based on a strong evidence. The detailed clinical history, the physical examination including functional status and the neuroimaging are the fundamental pillars.The more critical complications occur in the immediate postoperative period: cerebral oedema, postoperative haemorrhage, intracranial hypertension and convulsions; other complications, such as pulmonary thromboembolism or infections, develop lately but are not less severe. Every surgical approach has its own complications in addition to the ones common to the whole neurosurgery

Effect of anion type in the performance of ionic liquid/poly(vinylidene fluoride) electromechanical actuators

Low voltage actuators based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)with 10, 25 and 40 % 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C6mim][Cl])and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C6mim][NTf2]) are prepared by solvent casting in order to evaluate the effect of anion size in the bending properties. Independently of the ionic liquid type and content, its presence leads to the crystallization of PVDF in the -phase. The addition of ionic liquid into the polymer matrix decreases significantly its degree of crystallinity and the elastic modulus. It is also confirmed the good miscibility between PVDF and IL,determinedby the interaction of the CF2groups from the PVDF chains with the imidazolium ring in the ionic liquid (IL). The AC conductivity of the composites depends both on the amount of ionic liquid content and anion size. The bending movement of the IL/PVDF composites is correlated to theirdegree of crystallinity, mechanical properties and ionic conductivity value and the best value of bending response (0.53 %) being found for IL/PVDF composite with40 wt% of [C6mim][Cl] at an applied voltage of 10 volts square signal.The authors thank the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-for financial support in the framework of the Strategic Funding UID/FIS/04650/2013, projects PTDC/EEI-SII/5582/2014 and PTDC/CTM-ENE/5387/2014,and grants SFRH/BD/90215/2012 (J.C.D.), SFRH/BPD/112547/2015 (C.M.C.). The authors thank Solvay for kindly supplying the high quality materials. Financial support from the Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK Program is also acknowledged.The authorsexpress their gratitude to the Ministry of the Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisiafor a research fellowship