Міжнародне співробітництво МВС України у сфері протидії корупції

У статті здійснено аналіз розвитку та сучасного стану міжнародної співпраці МВС України у сфері протидії корупції. Розглянуто формування нормативно-правової бази щодо боротьби з корупцією та пов’язаною з нею злочинністю, надано характеристику напрямів та шляхів співпраці органів внутрішніх справ нашої країни з іноземними державами, їх правоохоронними органами і спеціальними службами, а також із міжнародними організаціями, які здійснюють заходи із протидії корупції. Визначено перспективи подальшого розвитку міжнародного співробітництва МВС у протидії транснаціональним формам корупції.В статье осуществлен анализ развития и современного состояния международного сотрудничества МВД Украины в сфере противодействия коррупции. Рассмотрено формирование нормативно-правовой базы по борьбе с коррупцией и связанной с ней преступностью, дана характеристика направлений и путей сотрудничества органов внутренних дел Украины с зарубежными государствами, их правоохранительными органами и специальными службами, а также с международными организациями, которые осуществляют мероприятия по противодействию коррупции. Определены перспективные направления дальнейшего развития международного сотрудничества МВД Украины в сфере противодействия транснациональным формам коррупции.Development and modern state of the international cooperation of the Ukranian Ministry of Internal Affairs in the sphere of corruption counteraction is analyzed. It is considered the formation of normative and legal base concerning struggle against corruption and the criminality, it is given the characteristic of directions and ways of cooperation of law-enforcement bodies of Ukraine with the foreign states, their law enforcement bodies and special services, and also with the international organizations which carry out measures on counteraction of corruption. It is determined the perspective directions of the further development of the international cooperation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Ukraine in the sphere of counteraction to transnational forms of corruption

Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration allows accurate diagnosis of mycobacterial disease in HIV-positive patients with abdominal lymphadenopathy

BACKGROUND : Abdominal lymphadenopathy in HIV remains a challenge due to inaccessibility of lymph nodes and multitude of causes. The diagnostic yield of EUS FNA in HIV-infected patients with abdominal lymphadenopathy in the setting of high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence was assessed. METHODS : Prospective cohort study was conducted in tertiary referral centres recruiting symptomatic HIV+ patients (N=31, mean age 38.5 years, mean CD4 count 124 cells/μl, WHO stage 3-4 with abdominal lymphadenopathy. EUS was performed to assess lymph node characteristics and FNA aspirate subjected to cytological analysis, microbial culture and PCR. RESULTS : EUS appearance of lymph nodes was highly variable. Mycobacterial infections were the most common cause of lymphadenopathy in this cohort. Of the 31 patients 21/31 67.7 % had mycobacterial infections; 17 (80.9 %) of these were tuberculosis. Cytology failed to identify 23.8% and culture 38.1% of cases. PCR identified 16/17 (94.1%) of these cases. EUS-FNA altered the management of more than half of the patients. CONCLUSIONS : Mycobacterial disease was the commonest cause of lymphadenopathy in HIV but a third of patients had reactive lymphadenopathy. By combining the appearance of EUS FNA and cytological aspirate we could develop a diagnostic algorithm with a high PPV and NPV to identify patients in whom further analysis with PCR would be useful. PCR was highly accurate in confirming mycobacterial disease and determining genotypic drug resistance.South African Gastroenterological Society (SAGES)/Astra Zeneca Fellowship in Gastroenterologyhttp://www.journals.elsevier.com/ultrasound-in-medicine-and-biology/hb201

Early identification of first-year students at risk of dropping out of high-school entry medical school: the usefulness of teachers' ratings of class participation

Dropping out from undergraduate medical education is costly for students, medical schools, and society in general. Therefore, the early identification of potential dropout students is important. The contribution of personal features to dropout rates has merited exploration. However, there is a paucity of research on aspects of student experience that may lead to dropping out. In this study, underpinned by theoretical models of student commitment, involvement, and engagement, we explored the hypothesis of using inferior participation as an indicator of a higher probability of dropping out in year 1. Class participation was calculated as an aggregate score based on teachers' daily observations in class. The study used a longitudinal dataset of six cohorts of high-school entry students (N = 709, 67% females) in one medical school with an annual intake of 120 students. The findings confirmed the initial hypothesis and showed that lower scores of class participation in year 1 added predictive ability to pre-entry characteristics (Pseudo-R2 raised from 0.22 to 0.28). Even though the inclusion of course failure in year 1 resulted in higher explanatory power than participation in class (Pseudo-R2 raised from 0.28 to 0.63), ratings of class participation may be advantageous to anticipate dropout identification, as those can be collected prior to course failure. The implications for practice are that teachers' ratings of class participation can play a role in indicating medical students who may eventually drop out. We conclude that the scores of class participation can contribute to flagging systems for the early detection of student dropouts.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Endoscopic and Percutaneous Preoperative Biliary Drainage in Patients with Suspected Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

INTRODUCTION: Controversy exists over the preferred technique of preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) requiring major liver resection. The current study compared outcomes of endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with resectable HCCA. METHODS: One hundred fifteen consecutive patients were explored for HCCA between 2001 and July 2008 and assigned by initial PBD procedure to either EBD or PTBD. RESULTS: Of these patients, 101 (88%) underwent PBD; 90 patients underwent EBD as primary procedure, and 11 PTBD. The technical success rate of initial drainage was 81% in the EBD versus 100% in the PTBD group (P = 0.20). Stent dislocation was similar in the EBD and PTBD groups (23% vs. 20%, P = 0.70). Infectious complications were significantly more common in the endoscopic group (48% vs. 9%, P < 0.05). Patients in the EBD group underwent more drainage procedures (2.8 vs. 1.4, P < 0.01) and had a significantly longer drainage period until laparotomy (mean 15 weeks vs. 11 weeks in the PTBD group; P < 0.05). In 30 patients, EBD was converted to PTBD due to failure of the endoscopic approach. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative percutaneous drainage could outperform endoscopic stent placement in patients with resectable HCCA, showing fewer infectious complications, using less procedure

A bispecific T cell engager recruits both type 1 NKT and Vy9V52-T cells for the treatment of CD1d-expressing hematological malignancies

Bispecific T cell engagers (bsTCEs) hold great promise for cancer treatment but face challenges due to the induction of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), on-target off-tumor toxicity, and the engagement of immuno-suppressive regulatory T cells that limit efficacy. The development of Vy9V52-T cell engagers may overcome these challenges by combining high therapeutic efficacy with limited toxicity. By linking a CD1d-specific single-domain antibody (VHH) to a V52-TCR-specific VHH, we create a bsTCE with trispecific properties, which engages not only Vy9V52-T cells but also type 1 NKT cells to CD1d+ tumors and triggers robust proin-flammatory cytokine production, effector cell expansion, and target cell lysis in vitro. We show that CD1d is expressed by the majority of patient MM, (myelo)monocytic AML, and CLL cells and that the bsTCE triggers type 1 NKT and Vy9V52-T cell-mediated antitumor activity against these patient tumor cells and improves survival in in vivo AML, MM, and T-ALL mouse models. Evaluation of a surrogate CD1d-y5 bsTCE in NHPs shows Vy9V52-T cell engagement and excellent tolerability. Based on these results, CD1d-V52 bsTCE (LAVA-051) is now evaluated in a phase 1/2a study in patients with therapy refractory CLL, MM, or AML.Transplantation and autoimmunit

Effect of allopurinol in addition to hypothermia treatment in neonates for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neurocognitive outcome (ALBINO): Study protocol of a blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter trial for superiority (phase III)

Background: Perinatal asphyxia and resulting hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of death and long-term disability in term born neonates. Up to 20,000 infants each year are affected by HIE in Europe and even more in regions with lower level of perinatal care. The only established therapy to improve outcome in these infants is therapeutic hypothermia. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces the production of oxygen radicals as superoxide, which contributes to secondary energy failure and apoptosis in neurons and glial cells after reperfusion of hypoxic brain tissue and may further improve outcome if administered in addition to therapeutic hypothermia. Methods: This study on the effects of ALlopurinol in addition to hypothermia treatment for hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury on Neurocognitive Outcome (ALBINO), is a European double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter trial (Phase III) to evaluate the effect of postnatal allopurinol administered in addition to standard of care (including therapeutic hypothermia if indicated) on the incidence of death and severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 24 months of age in newborns with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult and signs of potentially evolving encephalopathy. Allopurinol or placebo will be given in addition to therapeutic hypothermia (where indicated) to infants with a gestational age 65 36 weeks and a birth weight 65 2500 g, with severe perinatal asphyxia and potentially evolving encephalopathy. The primary endpoint of this study will be death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment versus survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment at the age of two years. Effects on brain injury by magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral ultrasound, electric brain activity, concentrations of peroxidation products and S100B, will also be studied along with effects on heart function and pharmacokinetics of allopurinol after iv-infusion. Discussion: This trial will provide data to assess the efficacy and safety of early postnatal allopurinol in term infants with evolving hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. If proven efficacious and safe, allopurinol could become part of a neuroprotective pharmacological treatment strategy in addition to therapeutic hypothermia in children with perinatal asphyxia. Trial registration: NCT03162653, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, May 22, 2017

A multicenter randomized clinical trial investigating the cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies with or without antibiotics for uncomplicated acute diverticulitis (DIABOLO trial)

Background. Conservative treatment of uncomplicated or mild diverticulitis usually includes antibiotic therapy. It is, however, uncertain whether patients with acute diverticulitis indeed benefit from antibiotics. In most guidelines issued by professional organizations antibiotics are considered mandatory in the treatment of mild diverticulitis. This advice lacks evidence and is merely based on experts' opinion. Adverse effects of the use of antibiotics are well known, including allergic reactions, development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and other side-effects. Methods. A randomized multicenter pragmatic clinical trial comparin