Living in Mosul during the time of ISIS and the military liberation: results from a 40-cluster household survey

Background In June 2014, an estimated 1500 fighters of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) seized control of Mosul, Iraq’s second city. Although many residents fled, others stayed behind, enduring the restrictive civil and social policies of ISIS. In December 2016, the military activity, known as the liberation campaign, began in east Mosul, concluding in west Mosul in June 2017. Methods To assess life in Mosul under ISIS, and the consequences of the military campaign to retake Mosul we conducted a 40 cluster-30 household survey in Mosul, starting in March 2017. All households included were present in Mosul throughout the entire time of ISIS control and military action. Results In June 2014, 915 of 1139 school-age children (80.3%) had been in school, but only 28 (2.2%) attended at least some school after ISIS seized control. This represented a decision of families. Injuries to women resulting from intimate partner violence were reported in 415 (34.5%) households. In the surveyed households, 819 marriages had occurred; 688 (84.0%) among women. Of these women, 89 (12.9%) were aged 15 years and less, and 253 (49.7%) were aged under 18 at the time of marriage. With Mosul economically damaged by ISIS control and physically during the Iraqi military action, there was little employment at the time of the survey, and few persons were bringing cash into households. The liberation of Mosul in 2017 caused extensive damage to dwellings. Overall only a quarter of dwellings had not sustained some damage. In west Mosul, only 21.7% of houses had little or no damage from the conflict, with 98 (21.7%) households reporting their house had been destroyed, forcing its occupants to move. No houses had regular electricity and there was limited piped water. Inadequate fuel for cooking was reported by 996 (82.9%) households. Conclusion The physical, and social damage occurring during ISIS occupation of Mosul and during the subsequent military action (liberation) was substantial and its impact is unlikely to be erased soon

Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Tube with Rectangular Opened Rings

Turbulent forced convection of coolant air flow (10 m/s velocity) in a steel tube of 50 cm long having outside diameter of 60 mm and inside diameter of 30 mm with constant outside surface temperature of 1000, 1200 and 1400 Ko is numerically analyzed. The renormalization group k-ε model is used to simulate turbulence in ANSYS - FLUENT 14.5. An opened ring of rectangular cross section (5x7 mm) is fitted in the tube and separated by 8cm pitch. Results of temperature and velocity distribution along the tube center line for the case of tube with internal ribs  were compared with that of plain tube  , these results show that the use of internal ribs enhance the heat transfer rate and found to possess the highest performance factors for turbulent flow

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN A CIRCULAR TUBE USING RIBS OF SEPARATED PORTS ASSEMBLY

The paper deals with numerical investigation for the influence of separated ports assembly ribs on heat transfer ina steel tube of 50 cm long , outside diameter of 60 mm and inside diameter of 30 mm with constant outside surface temperature of 1000, 1200 and 1400 Ko.The renormalization group k-ε model is used to simulate turbulence in ANSYS - FLUENT 14.5. The ribs assembly (5x5 mm triangle passage) were fitted in the tube and separated by 8cm pitch. Results of temperature and velocity distribution along the tube center line for the case of tube with internal ribs were compared with that of plain tube , these results show that the use of internal ribs enhance the heat transfer rate and found to possess the highest performance factors for turbulent flow

Preparation and Characterization of (PMMA-Berry Paper or Plan Leaves) Composites

In this paper, study the effect of addition the Berry Paper or Plan Leaves on optical properties of PMMA. The samples have been prepared by casting technique and different thickness. . The absorption and transmission spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range (200 – 800) nm. The experimental results show that the absorption coefficient, energy gap of the indirect allowed and forbidden  transition, extinction coefficient, read and imaginary dielectric constant and refractive index are changing with increase the of Berry Paper or Plan Leaves concentration

Studying the Effect of KCl Addition on the Electrical Properties of Polystyrene

In this work, samples of pure polystyrene and polystyrene (PS) doped with (KCl) were prepared using casting method .The effect of addition of different concentrations of potassium chloride on electrical properties of polystyrene have been studied, also the effect of temperature on (PS-KCl) composite , then the variation of activation energy of D.C electrical conductivity with KCl concentrations was studied. The results show that the electrical conductivity was increased with increasing the KCl concentration and temperature and the activation energy was decreased with increasing KCl concentration. Key words: polymer, PS, potassium chloride, electrical properties, conductivity

Preparation of (PS-PMMA) Copolymer and Study The Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Its Optical Properties

Composites materials are used in many applications: solar cells, elements, light emitting diodes (LED), optoelectronic device, industrial applications in aircraft, military and car industry for their low cost, light weight, electrical properties, mechanical and optical properties. In this work, preparation of PS-PMMA copolymer have been investigated.  The sodium fluoride was add to PS-PMMA copolymer with concentrations are (0,1,2,3) wt.%. The samples were prepared casting technique. The optical properties of composites in the wavelength range (200-800) nm. The results showed that the absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index and  real and imaginary dielectric constants PS-PMMA copolymer are increasing with increase the sodium fluoride concentration. Keyword: composite, copolymer, absorbance, dielectric constants

Preparation of (Pomegranate Peel- Polystyrene) Composites and Study their Optical Properties

In this work, samples of pure polystyrene and polystyrene (PS) doped with (pomegranate peel)  were prepared using casting method .The effect of addition of pomegranate peel (PP) concentration on optical properties of poly styrene have been studied in the wavelength range (200-800)nm. The absorption coefficient, energy gap, refractive index and extinction coefficient have been determined. The results show that the optical constants change with increase of PP concentration. Key words: polymer , Polystyrene, pomegranate peel, Optical properties, absorbance

Optical Properties of (PVA-CoCl2) Composites

Polymers are used in a wide range of manufacture applications for their low cost, light weight, mechanical and optical properties. In this paper, study effect of addition cobalt chloride on  optical  properties of poly-vinyl alcohol(PVA). The cobalt chloride was add to poly-vinyl alcohol with weight percentages are (0,1,2,4) wt.%. The absorption and transmission  spectra has been recorded in the wavelength range (200-800) nm. The experimental results showed that the absorption coefficient, optical energy gap, extinction coefficient, refractive index and  real and imaginary dielectric constant effected by addition different weight percentages from cobalt chloride. Keyword: polymer, optical constants, absorption, cobalt chloride

Preparation of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 Complexes and Characterization of (PVA- [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2]) Composites

In this paper , preparation of  [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 complexes and study the effect of addition [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 complexes on optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol. The  samples have been prepared by casting technique and different thickness. . The absorption and transmission spectra has been recorded in the wavelength range ( 200 – 800 ) nm. The experimental results show that the absorption coefficient, energy gap of the indirect allowed and forbidden  transition, extinction coefficient, read and imaginary dielectric constant and refractive index are changing with increase the of [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 concentration. Key words: polymer, optical properties, complexes

Employing Neural Style Transfer for Generating Deep Dream Images

In recent years, deep dream and neural style transfer emerged as hot topics in deep learning. Hence, mixing those two techniques support the art and enhance the images that simulate hallucinations among psychiatric patients and drug addicts. In this study, our model combines deep dream and neural style transfer (NST) to produce a new image that combines the two technologies. VGG-19 and Inception v3 pre-trained networks are used for NST and deep dream, respectively. Gram matrix is a vital process for style transfer. The loss is minimized in style transfer while maximized in a deep dream using gradient descent for the first case and gradient ascent for the second. We found that different image produces different loss values depending on the degree of clarity of that images. Distorted images have higher loss values in NST and lower loss values with deep dreams. The opposite happened for the clear images that did not contain mixed lines, circles, colors, or other shapes