APPLICATION OF HYBRID PSOGA FOR OPTIMAL LOCATION OF SVC TO IMPROVE VOLTAGE STABILITY OF POWER SYSTEM

Due to huge increase in power demand, modern power system networks are being operated under highly stressed conditions. This has resulted into the difficulty in meeting reactive power requirement and maintaining the bus voltage within acceptable limits. Voltage instability in the system occurs in the form of a progressive decay in voltage magnitude at some of the buses. The problems of voltage instability and voltage collapse are the major concerns in the operation of power system. It is very important to do the power system analysis with respect to voltage stability. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device in a power system improves the stability, enhances the voltage stability margin and reduces the power losses. Identification of location of FACTS device in the power system is very important task. Research is carried out to investigate application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and hybrid PSOGA to find optimal location and rated value of SVC device to minimize the voltage stability index, total power loss, load voltage deviation, cost of generation and cost of FACTS device to improve voltage stability in the power system. Optimal location and rated value of SVC device have been found for different loading scenario using PSO, GA and PSOGA. It is observed from the results that the voltages stability margin is improved, voltage profile of the power system is increased, load voltage deviation is reduced and real power losses also reduced by optimally locating SVC device in the power system. The proposed algorithm is verified with IEEE 14 bus and 30 bus power system

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI FROM INFECTED PLANT PARTS

Objective: The present study deals with the isolation and identification of phytopathogenic fungi. The fungal isolates were Alternaria spp (Tomato early blight), Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt), Fusarium solani (daming off and root rot), Aspergillus flavus (Ear rot) and Collectotricumspp (Anthracnose).Methods: They were isolated from infected plant parts and were identified on the basis of colony morphology andlacto phenol cotton blue (LPCB) stains were used to identifymicroscopic examination of spore structures. Pure cultures of the isolates were sub cultured and transferred onto differential media; potato dextrose agar, malt extract agar, czapek yeast extract agar and czapek dox agar for species identification using macro morphological characteristicsThe morphological characteristics of these fungal elements showed various kinds of spores have been identified up to genus/species level.Results: This study proves rapid and less expensive techniques to validate a primary alarm of contamination.Conclusion: The fivefungus which were isolated from different plant parts were very effective in distruction of the plant and found that the producionwere reduced due to the infection. This rapid and less expensive techniques to validate a primary alarm of contamination

A Study on Malaivembu Ilai Chooranam and Paavana Omum

MALAIVEMBU ILAI CHOORANAM 1. The trial drug Malaivembu Ilai Chooranam has been selected for anti diabetic activity based on strong literary evidence. i) After obtaining guidance for the Head of the department and permission from principal, Government siddha medical college. Pharmacological study was carried out in C.L. Baid Metha college of pharmacy, Thoraipakkam, Chennai. ii) The single drug was prepared as chooranam then purified and stored. 2. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, tannin and phytosteroids. 3. Rf values were determined by Thin Layer Chromatography. 4. Antimicrobial study proved that Malaivembu Ilai Chooranam was an effective anti bacterial agents. 5. Bio-Chemical analysis shows the presence of elements like zinc, calcium and Iron (Ferrous). 6. Malaivembu Ilai Chooranam at the dose of 2000mg/kg/po did not exhibit any mortality in mice. 7. Animal experiments revealed that this drug is effective in controlling blood sugar levels significantly when given in a dose of 500mg bds with water before food. 8. Clinical trial showed that Malaivembu Ilai Chooranam is effective in reducing both the fasting and postprandial blood sugar levels. It was done in Arignar Anna Hospital of Indian medicine, Chennai – 106. 9. The statistical analysis also significantly shows the reduction of symptoms like polyuria, tiredness, polydipsia, polyphagia, giddiness and peripheral neuritis. 10. The administration of Malaivembu Ilai Chooranam for 48 days did not produce any side effects. Out of 40 patients 33 patients showed better response in reduction at symptoms like polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue and giddiness. Moderate response in peripheral neuritis. 11. The trial drug is available at everywhere in all seasons. The preparation and preservation of the trial drug is simple and economical. So it is concluded that Malaivembu Ilai Chooranam has antidiabetic activity and moderately effective for controlling blood sugar levels. PAAVANA OMUM: The trial drug Paavana Omum has been selected for its antiulcer activity bases on literature evidence. 1. Bio- Chemical analysis shows the presence of elements Copper, Magnesium, calcium and Iron (ferric) 26. (i) Copper has ulcer healing property. (ii) Mg – Magnesium Hydroxide that neutralize the HCL. (iii) Ca is in the form of CaCl2 in the stomach. It is a antacid. 2. Animal experiments revealed that drug has a ulcer healing property when given in a dose of 500mg bds with water before food. 3. Clinical trial showed that Paavana omum is effective. 4. The Statistical analysis also significantly shows the reduction of symptoms like epigastric pain, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. 5. The administration of Paavana Omum for 48 days did not produce any side effects. 6. Out of 40 patients, 30 patients showed better response in reduction at symptoms like epigastric pain, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. 7. So it is concluded Paavana Omum has antiulcer activity

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE ON AYAPODI ELAGAM - A SIDDHA HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION IN WISTER ALBINO RATS

Ayapodi Elagam (A.E) was used in Siddha system of medicine for many years to treat Pandu (Anemia). This medicine contains Nellikai, Keezhanelli, Karisalai and Ayam. These herbs are helps to improve the blood to correct the anemia. This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and chronic toxic effect on Ayapodi Elagam and to determine the LD50. The toxicity study was done as per the guidelines of world health organization (WHO) guideline. As the herbs and Ayam were used for treating anemia by traditional practitioners for years together, the toxicity study was also proposed to study in both sexes. In acute study the animals were divided into two groups A.E was administered at 5000mg/kg orally and animals were observed for toxic sign at 0,5,1,4,24 hour and for 14 days. In chronic toxicity study A.E was administered at 450,900 and 1800 mg/kg body weight/day to 3 groups of animal, respectively. The distilled water was administered to control animals. The result showed that the acute toxicity study of A.E. at the dose level of 5000mg/kg does not produce any toxic sign and mortality among the experimental groups and the LD50 value of the drug was found to be more than 5000mg/kg bodyweight. The weight of rats, wellness parameters, mortality, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters and histological analysis of all vital organs were observed to know the chronic toxic effect of the drug. All the parameters of the study do not show the any significant chances between the control and experimental groups

Studies on the Impact of Altitudinal Gradient on Ammonium Assimilatory Metabolism in Glycine max L. (Fabaceae)

Seedlings of Glycine max L. were grown, transplanted and acclimatized for 60 days at different altitudes (250, 400 and 1600 m). Response to shift in altitude was observed in the plants. Shoot length decreased with the increase in the altitude, while root length followed a reverse trend. Biomass accumulation in shoot and roots of G. max was the maximum at high altitude. Total soluble protein content was significantly high at low altitude in the shoot and the roots. Free tissue ammonia level in this species showed positive correlation with increasing altitude. Ammonium assimilatory enzymes viz., glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were studied. GS/ GOGAT specific and total activity were altitude sensitive, whereas GDH activity exhibited inverse trend. Results indicate that there is a positive shift in ammonium assimilatory pathway in plants growing at high altitude

Impact of Altitudinal Gradient on Ammonium Assimilatory Enzymes in Rauvolfia teraphylla L. (Apocyanaceae) – A Perennial Medicinal Herb

Seedlings of Ravuolfia tetraphylla L. were grown, transplanted and acclimatized for 60 days at different altitudes gradient (250, 400 and 1600 m) in Yercaud, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. Response to shift in altitude was observed in the test plants. Shoot length decreased with the increase in the altitude, while increase in the root length was directly proportional to the increase in the altitudinal gradient. Biomass accumulation in roots of R. tetraphylla recorded the maximum at high altitude at the same time shoot biomass was maximum at an intermediate height (400m), thereafter reduction in biomass was observed with the increase in the altitude. Total soluble protein content was significantly high at low altitude in the shoot while it followed a reverse trend in the roots. Likewise, free tissue ammonia level in this species showed positive correlation with increase in the altitude. Ammonium assimilatory enzymes viz., glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were analyzed. GS/ GOGAT activity and specific activity were altitude sensitive, whereas GDH activity exhibited inverse trend. A positive shift in ammonium assimilatory pathway in test plants growing at high altitude was observed in R. tetraphylla

Water resource analysis of Minjur Block Thiruvallur district in Tamil Nadu using GIS and remotesensing

The study attempts to analyses the water resource availability and its condition in Minjur block. It studies about the water level and its quality of the study area, and examine the condition of water resource and its impact on local community. The region is facing problems related to water level and quality due to industrial pollution, Water scarcity in part of the district due to unfavorable hydro geological set up (Minjur Block). The area faces an alarming situation related to ground water and its level of availability. The study attempts to explore the need of water resources for agriculture and industrial of the region. The base map of Minjur block prepared from survey of India Toposheet on 1:250,000 scale. Temporal variation of water quality analysis will be using SPSS software. Rainfall data will be converted to spatially for annual rainfall using GIS Tool. Satellite imagery has been used for land use and land cover using remote sensing

Methyl 2,2-bis­(2,4-dinitro­phen­yl)ethano­ate

In the title compound, C15H10N4O10, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 89.05 (16)°. One O atom of one of the nitro groups is disordered over two sites in a 0.70:0.30 ratio. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions