Innovation Contests with Entry Auction

We consider procurement of an innovation from heterogeneous sellers. Innovations are random but depend on unobservable effort and private information. We compare two procurement mechanisms where potential sellers first bid in an auction for admission to an innovation contest. After the contest, an innovation is procured employing either a fixed prize or a first-price auction. We characterize Bayesian Nash equilibria such that both mechanisms are payoff-equivalent and induce the same efforts and innovations. In these equilibria, signaling in the entry auction does not occur since contestants play a simple strategy that does not depend on rivals' private information

Are female students in general and nursing students more ready for teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in healthcare?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Interprofessional Education (IPE) is now spreading worldwide and many universities are now including IPE in their curricula. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not such student characteristics as gender, previous working experience in healthcare, educational progress and features of the learning environment, such as educational programmes and curriculum design, have an impact on their open-mindedness about co-operation with other professions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Medical and nursing students at two Swedish universities were invited to fill in the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS). Totally, 955 students were invited and 70.2% (n = 670) participated in the study. A factor analysis of the RIPLS revealed four item groupings (factors) for our empirical data, but only one had sufficient internal consistency. This factor was labelled "Team Player".</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Regardless of the educational programme, female students were more positive to teamwork than male students. Nursing students in general displayed more positive beliefs about teamwork and collaboration than medical students. Exposure to different interprofessional curricula and previous exposure to interprofessional education were only to a minor extent associated with a positive attitude towards teamwork. Educational progress did not seem to influence these beliefs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The establishment of interprofessional teamwork is a major challenge for modern healthcare. This study indicates some directions for more successful interprofessional education. Efforts should be directed at informing particularly male medical students about the need for teamwork in modern healthcare systems. The results also imply that study of other factors, such as the student's personality, is needed for fully understanding readiness for teamwork and interprofessional collaboration in healthcare. We also believe that the RIPL Scale still can be further adjusted.</p

Contribution à l'optimisation de la conception des engrenages coniques à denture droite (analyse et synthèse de la géométrie et des tolérances)

La maîtrise accrue des matériaux et des procédés de forgeage permet aujourd'hui d'obtenir des engrenages coniques d'une qualité suffisante pour pouvoir les utiliser sans autre procédé de finition. Ce sont les pièces dites net shape . Grâce à cette évolution technologique, il est nécessaire de d'optimiser la définition géométrique de ces engrenages en tenant compte des possibilités des procédés de forgeage, en particulier. Tout d'abord, la définition de la géométrie nominale des engrenages coniques à denture droite basée sur les propriétés géométriques et cinématiques du profil en développante de cercle sphérique est réétudiée et a abouti à une modélisation paramétrique des surfaces actives en intégrant un bombé longitudinal. Afin de garantir un certain niveau de qualité de l'engrènement, il est nécessaire de limiter les variations inhérentes au procédé de forgeage et aux ressources de fabrication, il s'agit de l'analyse et de la synthèse des tolérances. Cette analyse a nécessité une modélisation géométrique des engrenages incluant les écarts intrinsèques et les écarts de situation. L'analyse de l'impact de ces écarts sur l'erreur cinématique (Tooth Contact Analysis) repose sur la résolution d'un système d'équations non linéaires pour chaque position du pignon et d'un traitement de ces résultats; la difficulté de cette analyse est la grande sensibilité des résultats aux écarts. Cet outil TCA est le module principal de l'analyse des tolérances qui est réalisée de façon statistique par simulation de Monte Carlo. L'analyse des tolérances permet de valider une solution d'allocation de celles-ci mais ne permet pas son allocation automatique. Ainsi une approche de synthèse des tolérances a été validée, il s'agit de l'optimisation par algorithme génétique où la fonction objectif est de minimiser le ratio coût des tolérances sur la probabilité de respect des exigences. Cette analyse et cette synthèse ont été menées dans un premier temps sans charge, en considérant l'engrenage comme indéformable. Puis, la prise en compte des déformations est réalisée par la méthode des coefficients d'influences. Le problème de contact et de déformation globale de la denture sont découplés. Les coefficients d'influences de contact sont estimés par la méthode de Boussinesq et Cerruti. Les coefficients d'influence de flexion sont estimés par interpolation et méthode des éléments finis. Ce modèle permet l'analyse de l'engrènement sous charge mais les temps de calculs restent un handicap pour l'analyse des tolérances. Ces modèles de comportement pourront être affinés dans de futurs travaux et être le support de nouveaux modèles de spécification des engrenages, de suivi du processus de fabrication, d'une meilleure connaissance des interactions géométrie-mécanique-matériau, etc.As technology increases and performance requirements continually tighten, the cost and required precision of assemblies increase as well. The forging evolution enables us to realize bevel gear net shape. Therefore, this work focuses on the parametric and tolerance design optimization of bevel gear. The synthesis of bevel gear nominal model is based on geometrical properties and kinematic properties of spherical involute. To ensure a quality level of meshing, it is necessary to limit the geometrical variations which are due to the manufacturing process (tolerance analysis and tolerance synthesis). To achieve this, we establish a geometrical model which includes the deviations (form, orientation and position). This model enables the evaluation of the impact of these deviations on the kinematic behaviour. This evaluation is T.C.A. (Tooth Contact Analysis) is based on the simulation of tangency of tooth surfaces being in mesh. The tolerance analysis is based on TCA and Monte Carlo simulation which computes the probability that the product respects the requirements of the kinematic error, under given individual tolerances. Moreover, to optimize the ratio of tolerance cost (tolerance synthesis) on probability that the product respects the requirements, genetic algorithm is improved. These tolerance analysis and synthesis do not take into account the teeth distortions. To do so, we propose to integrate the distortions which are evaluated by the influence coefficient method. Contact problem and bending problem of teeth are delinked. The contact influence coefficients are estimated by Boussinesq and Cerruti method. The bending influence coefficients are evaluated by interpolation and finite elements method. This model allows gearing analysis under load but the calculation time is a handicap for tolerance analysis. This behaviour models may be refined in future works and support the new geometrical specification models, process control and better knowledge of geometry-mechanic-material interaction.CACHAN-ENS (940162301) / SudocPARIS-Arts et Métiers (751132303) / SudocMETZ-Arts et Métiers (574632301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Gender Equity: Employment and Performance

Gender performativity refers to the productivity of labor based on worker gender. Performativity affects employability and can be categorized into various aspects for study based on age group, gender, job type, and other factors. Gender performativity can indirectly refer to ability and opportunities based on performance. Gender inequality issues have been on the map as a global concern raised in international talks, in forums, and by delegates around the world. The question of equality treatment between genders has become more evident over recent years because of modernization and the era of globalization (Cailin and Leanne 2015). The significant role and contribution of women cannot be ignored, because they do significantly increase the wealth and assist the growth of a household, a firm, and even a country. As a group, women work as much as men, if not more. When both paid and unpaid work such as household chores and caring for children are taken into account, women work... (Abstract by author