Artificial intelligence in communication management : a cross-national study on adoption and knowledge, impact, challenges and risks

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) might change the communication profession immensely, but the academic discourse is lacking an investigation of the perspective of practitioners on this. This article addresses this research gap. It offers a literature overview and reports about an empirical study on AI in communications, presenting first insights on how professionals in the field assess the technology. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative cross-national study among 2,689 European communication practitioners investigated four research questions: RQ1 – How much do professionals know about AI and to what extent are they already using AI technologies in their everyday lives? RQ2 – How do professionals rate the impact of AI on communication management? RQ3 – Which challenges do professionals identify for implementing AI in communication management? RQ4 – Which risks do they perceive? Findings Communication professionals revealed a limited understanding of AI and expected the technology to impact the profession as a whole more than the way their organisations or themselves work. Lack of individual competencies and organisations struggling with different levels of competency and unclear responsibilities were identified as key challenges and risks. Research limitations/implications The results highlight the need for communication managers to educate themselves and their teams about the technology and to identify the implementation of AI as a leadership issue. Originality/value The article offers the first cross-national quantitative study on AI in communication management. It presents valuable empirical insights on a trending topic in the discipline, highly relevant for both academics and practitioners

Model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction

The article describes results of the modified model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, which resembles rather well the limit set observed upon experimental performance of the reaction in the Petri dish. We discuss the concept of the ignition of circular waves and show that only the asymmetrical ignition leads to the formation of spiral structures. From the qualitative assumptions on the behavior of dynamic systems, we conclude that the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction likely forms a regular grid.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

Comprehensive theory of the Lamb shift in light muonic atoms

We present a comprehensive theory of the Lamb shift in light muonic atoms, such as $\mu$H, $\mu$D, $\mu^3$He$^+$, and $\mu^4$He$^+$, with all quantum electrodynamic corrections included at the precision level constrained by the uncertainty of nuclear structure effects. This analysis can be used in the global adjustment of fundamental constants and in the determination of nuclear charge radii. Further improvements in the understanding of electromagnetic interactions of light nuclei will allow for a promising test of fundamental interactions by comparison with "normal" atomic spectroscopy, in particular, with H-D and $^3$He-$^4$He isotope shifts.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, expanded introductio

Status of COLDDIAG: A Cold Vacuum Chamber for Diagnostics

One of the still open issues for the development of superconducting insertion devices is the understanding of the beam heat load. With the aim of measuring the beam heat load to a cold bore and the hope to gain a deeper understanding in the beam heat load mechanisms, a cold vacuum chamber for diagnostics is under construction. The following diagnostics will be implemented: i) retarding field analyzers to measure the electron energy and flux, ii) temperature sensors to measure the total heat load, iii) pressure gauges, iv) and mass spectrometers to measure the gas content. The inner vacuum chamber will be removable in order to test different geometries and materials. This will allow the installation of the cryostat in different synchrotron light sources. COLDDIAG will be built to fit in a short straight section at ANKA. A first installation at the synchrotron light source Diamond is foreseen in June 2011. Here we describe the technical design report of this device and the planned measurements with beam.Comment: Presented at First International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC'10, Kyoto, Japan, from 23 to 28 May 201

An Fc-modified monoclonal antibody as novel treatment option for pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with limited treatment options. Hence, there is a considerable medical need for novel treatment strategies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly improved cancer therapy, primarily due to their ability to stimulate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which plays a crucial role in their therapeutic efficacy. As a result, significant effort has been focused on improving this critical function by engineering mAbs with Fc regions that have increased affinity for the Fc receptor CD16 expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, the major cell population that mediates ADCC in humans. Here we report on the preclinical characterization of a mAb directed to the target antigen B7-H3 (CD276) containing an Fc part with the amino acid substitutions S239D/I332E to increase affinity for CD16 (B7-H3-SDIE) for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. B7-H3 (CD276) is highly expressed in many tumor entities, whereas expression on healthy tissues is more limited. Our findings confirm high expression of B7-H3 on pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, our study shows that B7-H3-SDIE effectively activates NK cells against pancreatic cancer cells in an antigen-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the analysis of NK cell activation, degranulation and cytokine release. The activation of NK cells resulted in significant tumor cell lysis in both short-term and long-term cytotoxicity assays. In conclusion, B7-H3-SDIE constitutes a promising agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer

Generation of x-ray radiation in a storage ring by a superconductive cold-bore invacuum undulator

The first beam measurements with a cold-bore superconducting in-vacuum undulator in a storage ring are reported. Undulators are x-ray generators in light sources. The physical limitations of these devices limit the intensity and the brilliance of the x-ray beam. At present the undulators are made from permanent magnets. It was shown in earlier papers that at low electron beam intensities superconductive wires in the vacuum beam pipe can overcome the limitations inherent to permanent magnet undulators. It was argued that the use of these novel devices in light sources with high beam currents may be limited by the extreme anomalous skin effect regime in Cu at 4.2 K, which has so far undergone very little investigation, and the power deposited by the infrared part of the synchrotron radiation. The purpose of this paper is to present measurements of these effects at the synchrotron light source ANKA with stored currents up to 200 mA

Quantum enhanced positioning and clock synchronization

A wide variety of positioning and ranging procedures are based on repeatedly sending electromagnetic pulses through space and measuring their time of arrival. This paper shows that quantum entanglement and squeezing can be employed to overcome the classical power/bandwidth limits on these procedures, enhancing their accuracy. Frequency entangled pulses could be used to construct quantum positioning systems (QPS), to perform clock synchronization, or to do ranging (quantum radar): all of these techniques exhibit a similar enhancement compared with analogous protocols that use classical light. Quantum entanglement and squeezing have been exploited in the context of interferometry, frequency measurements, lithography, and algorithms. Here, the problem of positioning a party (say Alice) with respect to a fixed array of reference points will be analyzed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication by Natur

Forward light-by-light scattering and electromagnetic correction to hadronic vacuum polarization

Lattice QCD calculations of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) have reached a precision where the electromagnetic (e.m.) correction can no longer be neglected. This correction is both computationally challenging and hard to validate, as it leads to ultraviolet (UV) divergences and to sizeable infrared (IR) effects associated with the massless photon. While we precisely determine the UV divergence using the operator-product expansion, we propose to introduce a separation scale $\Lambda\sim400\;$MeV into the internal photon propagator, whereby the calculation splits into a short-distance part, regulated in the UV by the lattice and in the IR by the scale $\Lambda$, and a UV-finite long-distance part to be treated with coordinate-space methods, thereby avoiding power-law finite-size effects altogether. In order to predict the long-distance part, we express the UV-regulated e.m. correction to the HVP via the forward hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering amplitude and relate the latter via a dispersive sum rule to $\gamma^*\gamma^*$ fusion cross-sections. Having tested the relation by reproducing the two-loop QED vacuum polarization (VP) from the tree-level $\gamma^*\gamma^*\to e^+e^-$ cross-section, we predict the expected lattice-QCD integrand resulting from the $\gamma^*\gamma^*\to\pi^0$ process.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures; additional references, typos corrected; a statement on the charged-current correlator has been correcte