1,2-diaminocyclohexane-platinum complexes with antitumor activity

The present invention comprises a water-soluble square-planar cis-platinum(II) four-coordinate complex having the formula: EQU trans-R,R-DACH Pt(II) X.sub.2 or EQU trans-R,R-DACH Pt(II) Y wherein X is a monovalvent cation, two of which are present, selected from the group consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylato, shikimato, saccharatolactone, galacturonato and N,N-dimethyglycinato; wherein Y is a divalent cation selected from the group consisting of citraconato, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato, 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylato, isocitratolactone and Z-iminodiacetato where Z is bound to the nitrogen and is ethyl, propyl, Isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, ter-butyl, n-amyl, isoamyl or OH. In one preferred aspect the water-soluble square-planar cis-platinum(II) four-coordinate complex has the formula: EQU trans-R,R-DACH Pt(II) X.sub.2 wherein X is a monovalent cation. Two X substituents are present in the platinum complex. These X substituents are preferably selected from the group consisting of cyclopropanecarboxylato, shikimato, saccharatolactone, galacturonato and N,N-dimethylglycinato. Both X substituents are usually identical butmay be different.Board of Regents, University of Texas Syste

A review of size and geometrical factors influencing resonant frequencies in metamaterials

Although metamaterials and so-called left-handed media have originated from theoretical considerations, it is only by their practical fabrication and the measurement of their properties that they have gained credibility and can fulfil the potential of their predicted properties. In this review we consider some of the more generally applicable fabrication methods and changes in geometry as they have progressed, exhibiting resonant frequencies ranging from radio waves to the visible optical region

Physical characteristics and operational performance of Mirpurkhas Sub-Division, Jamrao Canal Division, Nara Circle, Sindh Province, Pakistan

Irrigation programs / Irrigation canals / Canal regulation techniques / Flow control / Operations / Performance evaluation / History / Distributary canals / Calibrations / Gates / Discharges / Measurement / Hydraulics / Water allocation / Water lifting / Water distribution / Equity / Pakistan / Sindh Province / Nara Circle / Jamrao Canal / Mirpurkhas Distributary / Doso Dharoro Distributary / Kahu Visro Minor / Kahu Minor / Sanro Distributary / Bareji Distributary / Lakhakhi Distributary / Bhittaro Minor / Sangro Distributary / Daulatpur Minor / Bellaro Minor

An alternative allergen risk management approach

Protein components in food can trigger immune-mediated response in susceptible individuals. International law requires risk assessment to be undertaken by competent individuals to minimize food safety risk to consumers. Historically, allergen control legislation has been food focused and on the requirement for on pack labeling, and the need for formal food recalls in the event of misleading or inappropriate labeling. In order to develop a mechanism for decision makers when assessing allergenic risk from plant derived materials, the aim of this research was to consider a more holistic risk assessment method whereby rather than just using the food-based approach, an additive element in terms of considering the families of proteins is included. This approach reflects the need for food professionals to fully understand the role of proteins in triggering an allergic response to plant material and the health risk to individuals who show cross-reactivity to such proteins

Bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma as a presentation of isolated microspherophakia in an adult: case report

BACKGROUND: Bilateral simultaneous angle closure glaucoma is a rare entity. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma secondary to isolated microspherophakia in an adult. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old woman presented with bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma, with a patent iridotomy in one eye. Prolonged miotic use prior to presentation had worsened the pupillary block. The diagnosis was not initially suspected, and the patient was subjected to pars-plana lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy for a presumed ciliary block glaucoma. The small spherical lens was detected intraoperatively, and spherophakia was diagnosed in retrospect. She had no systemic features of any of the known conditions associated with spherophakia. Pars-plana lensectomy both eyes controlled the intraocular pressure successfully. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the importance of considering the diagnosis of isolated microspherophakia in any case of bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma. Lensectomy appears to be an effective first-line strategy for managing these patients

Nucleic acid extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cancer cell line samples: a trade off between quantity and quality?

Background: Advanced genomic techniques such as Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) and gene expression profiling, including NanoString, are vital for the development of personalised medicines, as they enable molecular disease classification. This has become increasingly important in the treatment of cancer, aiding patient selection. However, it requires efficient nucleic acid extraction often from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE). Methods: Here we provide a comparison of several commercially available manual and automated methods for DNA and/or RNA extraction from FFPE cancer cell line samples from Qiagen, life Technologies and Promega. Differing extraction geometric mean yields were evaluated across each of the kits tested, assessing dual DNA/RNA extraction vs. specialised single extraction, manual silica column based extraction techniques vs. automated magnetic bead based methods along with a comparison of subsequent nucleic acid purity methods, providing a full evaluation of nucleic acids isolated. Results: Out of the four RNA extraction kits evaluated the RNeasy FFPE kit, from Qiagen, gave superior geometric mean yields, whilst the Maxwell 16 automated method, from Promega, yielded the highest quality RNA by quantitative real time RT-PCR. Of the DNA extraction kits evaluated the PicoPure DNA kit, from Life Technologies, isolated 2–14× more DNA. A miniaturised qPCR assay was developed for DNA quantification and quality assessment. Conclusions: Careful consideration of an extraction kit is necessary dependent on quality or quantity of material required. Here we provide a flow diagram on the factors to consider when choosing an extraction kit as well as how to accurately quantify and QC the extracted material