2,044 research outputs found
Spanish study of anticoagulation in haemodialysis
This study's objectives were to determine which anticoagulation
methods are commonly used in patients who are undergoing haemodialysis (HD) in
Spain, on what criteria do they depend, and the consequences arising from their
use. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ours was a cross-sectional study based on two types of
surveys: a "HD Centre Survey" and a "Patient Survey". The first survey was
answered by 87 adult HD units serving a total of 6093 patients, as well as 2
paediatric units. Among these units, 48.3% were part of the public health system
and the remaining 51.7% units were part of the private health system. The patient
survey analysed 758 patients who were chosen at random from among the
aforementioned 78 HD units. RESULTs: A) HD Centre Survey: The majority of adult
HD units (n=61, 70.2%) used both kinds of heparin, 19 of them (21.8%) only used
LMWH and 7 of them (8%) only used UFH. The most frequently applied criteria for
the use of LMWH were medical indications (83.3% of HD units) and ease of
administration (29.5%). The most frequently used methods for adjusting the dosage
were clotting of the circuit (88.2% of units), bleeding of the vascular access
after disconnection (75.3%), and patient weight (57.6%). B) Patient Survey: The
distribution of the types of heparin used was: UFH: 44.1%, LMWH: 51.5%, and
dialysis without heparin in 4.4% of patients. LMWH was more frequently used in
public medical centres (64.2% of patients) than in private medical centres
(46.1%) (P<.001). LMWH was more frequently used in on-line haemodiafiltration
(HF) than in high-flux HD (P<.001). Antiplatelet agents were given to 45.5% of
patients, oral anticoagulants to 18.4% of patients, and both to 5% of patients.
Additionally, 4.4% of patients had suffered bleeding complications during the
previous week, and 1.9% of patients suffered thrombotic complications. Bleeding
complications were more frequent in patients with oral anticoagulants (P=.001),
although there was no association between the type of heparin and the occurrence
of bleeding or thrombotic complications. CONCLUSIONS: We are able to conclude
that there is a great amount of disparity in the criteria used for the medical
prescription of anticoagulation in HD. It is advisable that each HD unit revise
their own results as well as those from other centres, and possibly to create an
Anticoagulation Guide in Haemodialysis
Selection of Trichogramma pretiosum lineages for control of Grapholita molesta in peach.
Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) é uma das principais pragas do pessegueiro no Brasil, causando perdas de 3-5% da produção. Dentre os agentes de controle biológico Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) tem sido encontrado nos pomares de pessegueiros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a criação de T. pretiosum em ovos de G. molesta e Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e selecionar as linhagens de T. pretiosum com potencial de controle de G. molesta. A seleção de linhagens foi realizada com cinco populações de T. pretiosum coletadas em pomares de pessegueiro cultivados sob o sistema orgânico de produção. O estudo foi realizado em condições controladas de temperatura (25 ± 2°C), umidade relativa (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (14h). Ovos de G. molesta são hospedeiros adequados ao desenvolvimento de T. pretiosum uma vez que, nas variáveis estudadas número de ovos parasitados, porcentagem de parasitismo e razão sexual, os valores foram equivalentes aos criados em ovos de A. kuehniella . O maior parasitismo de ovos de G. molesta ocorreu com posturas de até 48h de desenvolvimento embrionário. Das linhagens de T. pretiosum coletadas, H08, PO8, PEL e L3M apresentaram melhor desempenho biológico, sendo, portanto, indicadas para estudos de semi-campo e campo para o controle biológico da mariposa-oriental
Valproic acid inhibits interferon-γ production by NK cells and increases susceptibility to <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> infection
Hidrogenionic potential (pH) of the attractant, trap density and control threshold for Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: tephritidae) on Hamlin oranges in São Paulo central region, Brazil
This study evaluated the effect of initial pH values of 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 of the attractant
(protein bait) Milhocina® and borax (sodium borate) in the feld, on the capture of fruit flies in McPhail
traps, using 1, 2, 4 and 8 traps per hectare, in order to estimate control thresholds in a Hamlin orange grove
in the central region of the state of São Paulo. The most abundant fruit fly species was Ceratitis capitata,
comprising almost 99% of the fruit flies captured, of which 80% were females. The largest captures of C.
capitata were found in traps baited with Milhocina® and borax at pH 8.5. Captures per trap for the four
densities were similar, indicating that the population can be estimated with one trap per hectare in areas
with high populations. It was found positive relationships between captures of C. capitata and the number
of Hamlin oranges damaged, 2 and 3 weeks after capture. It was obtained equations that correlate captures
and damage levels which can be used to estimate control thresholds. The average loss caused in Hamlin
orange fruits by C. capitata was 2.5 tons per hectare or 7.5% of production.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: avaliar o efeito do pH inicial, 4.5; 6.5 e 8.5, do atrativo
proteico Milhocina® e bórax (tetraborato de sódio) na captura de moscas-das-frutas em armadilhas McPhail;
estudar densidades de armadilhas, 1; 2; 4 e 8 por hectare, para estimar níveis de controle em laranja cv.
Hamlin, na região central de São Paulo. A espécie predominante, com 99% das moscas-das-frutas capturadas,
foi Ceratitis capitata, sendo 80% de fêmeas. As maiores capturas de C. capitata ocorreram nas armadilhas
com Milhocina® e bórax em pH 8.5. As capturas, nas 4 densidades, foram semelhantes, indicando que a
população pode ser estimada com uma armadilha por hectare em áreas de altas populações. Houve relações
positivas entre capturas de C. capitata e o número de frutos danificados, 2 e 3 semanas após a captura. Assim,
foram obtidas equações que relacionam a captura e o dano, possibilitando estimar níveis de controle desse
inseto. As perdas médias causadas por C. capitata em laranja cv. Hamlin chegaram a 2,5 toneladas de frutos
por hectare ou 7,5% da produção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Development of an international standard set of value-based outcome measures for patients with chronic kidney disease : a report of the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) CKD working group
Value-based health care is increasingly promoted as a strategy for improving care quality by benchmarking outcomes that matter to patients relative to the cost of obtaining those outcomes. To support the shift toward value-based health care in chronic kidney disease (CKD), the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) assembled an international working group of health professionals and patient representatives to develop a standardized minimum set of patient-centered outcomes targeted for clinical use. The considered outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures were generated from systematic literature reviews. Feedback was sought from patients and health professionals. Patients with very high-risk CKD (stages G3a/A3 and G3b/A2-G5, including dialysis, kidney transplantation, and conservative care) were selected as the target population. Using an online modified Delphi process, outcomes important to all patients were selected, such as survival and hospitalization, and to treatment-specific subgroups, such as vascular access survival and kidney allograft survival. Patient-reported outcome measures were included to capture domains of health-related quality of life, which were rated as the most important outcomes by patients. Demographic and clinical variables were identified to be used as case-mix adjusters. Use of these consensus recommendations could enable institutions to monitor, compare, and improve the quality of their CKD care
Safety of switching from intravenous to subcutaneous rituximab during first-line treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Spanish population of the MabRella study
Rituximab is a standard treatment for non-Hodgkin diffuse large B-cell
(DLBCL) and follicular (FL) lymphomas. A subcutaneous formulation was
developed to improve the resource use of intravenous rituximab, with comparable efficacy and safety profiles except for increased administration-related reactions (ARRs). MabRella was a phase IIIb trial to assess the safety
of switching from intravenous to subcutaneous administration of rituximab
during first-line induction/maintenance for DLBCL or FL, focusing on
ARRs. Efficacy, satisfaction and quality of life were also assessed. Patients
received subcutaneous rituximab plus standard induction chemotherapy for
DLBCL or FL for 4–7 cycles, and/or every 2 months maintenance
monotherapy for FL for 6–12 cycles. The study included 140 patients:
DLBCL, n = 29; FL, n = 111. Ninety-five percent of patients experienced
adverse events, reaching grade ≥3 in 38 6% and were serious in 30 0%.
AARs occurred in 48 6%, mostly (84 9%) at the injection site, with only
2 1% of patients reaching grade 3. The end-of-induction complete/unconfirmed complete response rate was 69 6%. After a median follow-up of
33 5 months, median disease-/event-/progression-free and overall survivals
were not attained. The Rituximab Administration Satisfaction Questionnaire showed improvements in overall satisfaction and the EuroQoL-5D a
good quality-of-life perception at induction/maintenance end. Therefore,
switching to subcutaneous rituximab showed no new safety issues and
maintained efficacy with improved satisfaction and quality of life
Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction parameters on the biological activities and metabolites present in extracts from <i>Arthrospira platensis</i>
Arthrospira platensis was used to obtain functional extracts through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2). Pressure (P), temperature (T), co-solvent (CX), static extraction (SX), dispersant (Di) and dynamic extraction (DX) were evaluated as process parameters through a Plackett–Burman design. The maximum extract yield obtained was 7.48 ± 0.15% w/w. The maximum contents of bioactive metabolites in extracts were 0.69 ± 0.09 µg/g of riboflavin, 5.49 ± 0.10 µg/g of α-tocopherol, 524.46 ± 0.10 µg/g of β-carotene, 1.44 ± 0.10 µg/g of lutein and 32.11 ± 0.12 mg/g of fatty acids with 39.38% of palmitic acid, 20.63% of linoleic acid and 30.27% of γ-linolenic acid. A. platensis extracts had an antioxidant activity of 76.47 ± 0.71 µg GAE/g by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.01 and 1.47 ± 0.02 µmol TE/g by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays, respectively. These extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Overall, co-solvent was the most significant factor for all measured effects (p < 0.05). Arthrospira platensis represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds through SFE using the following extraction parameters P: 450 bar, CX: 11 g/min, SX: 15 min, DX: 25 min, T: 60 °C and Di: 35 g
Pathogenesis of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Update and Systematic Review.
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare but aggressive neoplasm with dual pathogenesis (human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent). The development of targeted treatment is hindered by poor knowledge of the molecular landscape of PSCC. We performed a thorough review of genetic alterations of PSCC focused on somatic mutations and/or copy number alterations. A total of seven articles have been identified which, overall, include 268 PSCC. However, the series are heterogeneous regarding methodologies employed for DNA sequencing and HPV detection together with HPV prevalence, and include, in general, a limited number of cases, which results in markedly different findings. Reported top-ranked mutations involve TP53, CDKN2A, FAT1, NOTCH-1 and PIK3CA. Numerical alterations involve gains in MYC and EGFR, as well as amplifications in HPV integration loci. A few genes including TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA and CCND1 harbor both somatic mutations and copy number alterations. Notch, RTK-RAS and Hippo pathways are frequently deregulated. Nevertheless, the relevance of the identified alterations, their role in signaling pathways or their association with HPV status remain elusive. Combined targeting of different pathways might represent a valid therapeutic approach in PSCC. This work calls for large-scale sequencing studies with robust HPV testing to improve the genomic understanding of PSCC
HPV-negative Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PeIN) With Basaloid Features.
Most human papillomavirus (HPV)-independent penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs) originate from an intraepithelial precursor called differentiated penile intraepithelial neoplasia, characterized by atypia limited to the basal layer with marked superficial maturation. Previous studies in vulvar cancer, which has a similar dual etiopathogenesis, have shown that about one fifth of HPV-independent precursors are morphologically indistinguishable from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), the precursor of HPV-asssociated carcinomas. However, such lesions have not been described in PSCC. From 2000 to 2021, 55 surgical specimens of PSCC were identified. In all cases, thorough morphologic evaluation, HPV DNA detection, and p16, p53, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed. HPV-independent status was assigned based on both negative results for p16 IHC and HPV DNA. Thirty-six of the 55 PSCC (65%) were HPV-independent. An intraepithelial precursor was identified in 26/36 cases (72%). Five of them (19%) had basaloid features, morphologically indistinguishable from HPV-associated HSIL. The median age of the 5 patients was 74 years (range: 67 to 83 y). All 5 cases were p16 and DNA HPV-negative. Immunohistochemically, 3 cases showed an abnormal p53 pattern, and 2 showed wild-type p53 staining. The associated invasive carcinoma was basaloid in 4 cases and the usual (keratinizing) type in 1. In conclusion, a small proportion of HPV-independent PSCC may arise on adjacent intraepithelial lesions morphologically identical to HPV-associated HSIL. This unusual histologic pattern has not been previously characterized in detail in PSCC. p16 IHC is a valuable tool to identify these lesions and differentiate them from HPV-associated HSIL
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