Marginalization using the metric of the likelihood

Although the likelihood function is normalizeable with respect to the data there is no guarantee that the same holds with respect to the model parameters. This may lead to singularities in the expectation value integral of these parameters, especially if the prior information is not sufficient to take care of finite integral values. However, the problem may be solved by obeying the correct Riemannian metric imposed by the likelihood. This will be demonstrated for the example of the electron temperature evaluation in hydrogen plasmas.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Presented at the MaxEnt 2000 conference in Gif-sur-Yvette/Pari

Bayesian analysis of magnetic island dynamics

We examine a first order differential equation with respect to time coming up in the description of magnetic islands in magnetically confined plasmas. The free parameters of this equation are obtained by employing Bayesian probability theory. Additionally a typical Bayesian change point is solved in the process of obtaining the data.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to be included in MaxEnt 2002 proceeding

Decomposition of multicomponent mass spectra using Bayesian probability theory

We present a method for the decomposition of mass spectra of mixture gases using Bayesian probability theory. The method works without any calibration measurement and therefore applies also to the analysis of spectra containing unstable species. For the example of mixtures of three different hydrocarbon gases the algorithm provides concentrations and cracking coefficients of each mixture component as well as their confidence intervals. The amount of information needed to obtain reliable results and its relation to the accuracy of our analysis are discussed

Feminist Attitudes of Non-labelers

Recent studies on those who label themselves as feminists and non-feminists have become a popular topic of research. Past research has found that many women hold feminist values, but don’t label themselves as feminists. Those who identify as feminists have been found to have higher levels of well-being than those who do not identify as a feminist (Zucker & Bay-Cheng, 2010). Other benefits have been found such as empowerment, resilience against sexism, and improved body-image (Zucker & Bay-Cheng, 2010). Yet, many women continue to not identify with labeling themselves as feminists (Fitz, Zucker, & Bay-Cheng, 2012). In the current study, we examined the phenomenon of “I’m a feminist, but…” through the relationship between feminists, non-labelers, and non-feminists. Specifically, we analyzed how they differ on feminist identity attitudes via the Feminist Identity Composite Scale consisting of five attitudes: passive acceptance, revelation, embeddedness-emanation, synthesis, and active commitment (FIC; Fischer et al., 2000). We collected usable date from 337 female undergraduate students from two universities. They were asked to indicate agreement with core feminist beliefs (Zucker, 2004), indicate whether they identified as a feminist, and complete a survey regarding feminist identity questions. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was ran to test the multiple dependent variables. Preliminary results indicate a significant difference among non-labelers, feminists, and non-feminists. This suggests that researchers and practitioners in psychology should consider non-labelers to be a unique group of women separate from clear feminists and non-feministshttps://openriver.winona.edu/urc2019/1027/thumbnail.jp

CPS Based Liquid Metal Divertor Target for EU-DEMO

AbstractPower exhaust is a key mission in the roadmap to the realization of a future fusion reactor. Among the different solutions, the use of liquid metals as plasma facing materials are of interest due to their potential increased lifetime. Several liquid metal limiters have been successfully tested in the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade over the last 10 years. Liquid materials such as lithium and tin have been investigated using capillary porous systems (CPSs), and their impact on plasma performance has been explored. From such experience, a liquid metal divertor (LMD) concept design, CPS-based, is here proposed. Tin has been preferred as plasma facing material. The proposed LMD would operate, in low evaporative regime, with matching heat exhausting capabilities to those of the baseline ITER-like divertor. Continuous refilling of the CPS is guaranteed with a reservoir at the back of the unit, where the metal is kept liquid through a gas heating circuit. The study has been carried out using ANSYS and the thermal results will be shown. All the design choices are compatible with the current materials and the constraints adopted for the DEMO W divertor. Using such configuration, thermal loads up to 20 MW/m2 are exhausted while keeping the surface temperature below 1250 °C. The design foresees values of pressure, temperature and flow rate of the water coolant in the same range expected for the W DEMO divertor, thus facilitating the integration of such solution in the current cassette design. Technological and practical aspects are addressed, i.e. tin corrosion and CPS wettability. Possible solutions to prevent tin corrosion, and its compatibility with structural materials, will be outlined

Singular moduli for a distinguished non-holomorphic modular function

Here we study the integrality properties of singular moduli of a special non-holomorphic function γ(z) which was previously studied by Siegel [10], Masser [8], Bruinier, Sutherland, and Ono [3]. Similar to the modular j-invariant, γ has algebraic values at any CM-point. We show that primes dividing the denominators of these values must have absolute value less than that of the discriminant and are not split in the corresponding quadratic field. Moreover we give a bound for the size of the denominator