Three Proteocephalid Cestodes from Colombian Siluriform Fishes, Including \u3ci\u3eNomimoscolex alovarius\u3c/i\u3e sp.n. (Monticelliidae: Z ygobothriinae)

Three species of proteocephalid cestodes were collected from Colombian siluriform fishes. Goezeella siluri Fuhrmann, 1916 is reported from Ageneiosus caucanus for the first time, and Colombia is a new locality. Goezeella siluri has a metascolex, biloculate suckers, and cortical gonads. Proteocephalideans possessing uniloculate suckers and cortical gonads represent two groupings. Those species possessing metascolices represent the genus Spatulifer Woodland, 1934, containing the species surubim, piramutab, piracatinga , rugosa , and rugata. Those lacking metascolices belong in Monticellia LaRue, 1911, comprising coryphicephala, lenha, megacephala, and spinulifera. New combinations include Spatulifer piramutab for Goezeella piramutab, S. piracatinga for Monticellia piracatinga, S. rugosa for M. rugosa, and S. rugata for M. rugata . Nomimoscolex alovarius sp.n. from Pimelodus clarias most closely resembles N. kaparari by having fewer than 100 testes per proglottid and exhibiting two papilla-like protuberances on each sucker, but the new species differs by having 63-100 rather than 40 total lateral uterine branches, single lateral vitelline fields rather than dorsal and ventral lateral fields, anteriorly expanded ovarian lobes, and by lacking an expanded apical portion of the scolex . Corallotaenia sp. from Ageneiosus caucanus represents the first report of the genus in South America

Kiwi - A New Fruit for the Table

Few people know much about Kiwi- one of several new tropical and subtropical fruits now available. The authors introduce you to an odd-looking but tasty treat

Three Proteocephalid Cestodes from Colombian Siluriform Fishes, Including \u3ci\u3eNomimoscolex alovarius\u3c/i\u3e sp.n. (Monticelliidae: Z ygobothriinae)

Three species of proteocephalid cestodes were collected from Colombian siluriform fishes. Goezeella siluri Fuhrmann, 1916 is reported from Ageneiosus caucanus for the first time, and Colombia is a new locality. Goezeella siluri has a metascolex, biloculate suckers, and cortical gonads. Proteocephalideans possessing uniloculate suckers and cortical gonads represent two groupings. Those species possessing metascolices represent the genus Spatulifer Woodland, 1934, containing the species surubim, piramutab, piracatinga , rugosa , and rugata. Those lacking metascolices belong in Monticellia LaRue, 1911, comprising coryphicephala, lenha, megacephala, and spinulifera. New combinations include Spatulifer piramutab for Goezeella piramutab, S. piracatinga for Monticellia piracatinga, S. rugosa for M. rugosa, and S. rugata for M. rugata . Nomimoscolex alovarius sp.n. from Pimelodus clarias most closely resembles N. kaparari by having fewer than 100 testes per proglottid and exhibiting two papilla-like protuberances on each sucker, but the new species differs by having 63-100 rather than 40 total lateral uterine branches, single lateral vitelline fields rather than dorsal and ventral lateral fields, anteriorly expanded ovarian lobes, and by lacking an expanded apical portion of the scolex . Corallotaenia sp. from Ageneiosus caucanus represents the first report of the genus in South America

Vertical distribution of wind speed, temperature and humidity above a water surface

An observational program is described which has been used to obtain an accurate determination of vertical profiles of wind speed, temperature, and vapor pressure over a salt water inlet with an over-water air fetch of about five miles. The wind profiles show systematic anomalies of 1 or 2 %, which are not explainable as instrumental or observational error. The curvature of wind profiles over water shows the same dependence on Richardson number as that found by others over land. Temperature profiles are similar in this respect, but curvature of the vapor pressure profiles shows little dependence on stability. Values of the resistance coefficient computed from wind profiles are at the lower limit of those reported by most other investigators...

Estimates of the Elasticities of Substitution Between Imports and Home Goods for the United States: Reply

Following the two-stage budgeting approach in Deaton and Muellbauer (1980) and Deardorff and Stern (1986), the econometric estimates of import-demand elasticities in Shiells, Stern, and Deardorff (1986) were done holding within-group expenditure constant. Based on this assu;mption, the correct way to compute the rate at which imports displace the competing home good following the imposition of a tariff is to infer the cross-price elasticity of home-good demand from estimated import-demand elasticities using the group budget constraint. Employing this method, we show below that the increase in spending on home goods implied by our estimates must be less than the dollor-for-dollar assumption would imply. Rousslang's comparison of our estimates with the dollor-for dollar approach is based on the mistaken assumption that our estimates were obtained holding total expenditure, rather than within-group expenditure, constant.Research Seminar in International Economics, Department of Economics, University of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100966/1/ECON409.pd

Transcriptomic analysis of milk somatic cells in mastitis resistant and susceptible sheep upon challenge with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The existence of a genetic basis for host responses to bacterial intramammary infections has been widely documented, but the underlying mechanisms and the genes are still largely unknown. Previously, two divergent lines of sheep selected for high/low milk somatic cell scores have been shown to be respectively susceptible and resistant to intramammary infections by <it>Staphylococcus spp</it>. Transcriptional profiling with an 15K ovine-specific microarray of the milk somatic cells of susceptible and resistant sheep infected successively by <it>S. epidermidis </it>and <it>S. aureus </it>was performed in order to enhance our understanding of the molecular and cellular events associated with mastitis resistance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The bacteriological titre was lower in the resistant than in the susceptible animals in the 48 hours following inoculation, although milk somatic cell concentration was similar. Gene expression was analysed in milk somatic cells, mainly represented by neutrophils, collected 12 hours post-challenge. A high number of differentially expressed genes between the two challenges indicated that more T cells are recruited upon inoculation by <it>S. aureus </it>than <it>S. epidermidis</it>. A total of 52 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the resistant and susceptible animals. Further Gene Ontology analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were associated with immune and inflammatory responses, leukocyte adhesion, cell migration, and signal transduction. Close biological relationships could be established between most genes using gene network analysis. Furthermore, gene expression suggests that the cell turn-over, as a consequence of apoptosis/granulopoiesis, may be enhanced in the resistant line when compared to the susceptible line.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Gene profiling in resistant and susceptible lines has provided good candidates for mapping the biological pathways and genes underlying genetically determined resistance and susceptibility towards <it>Staphylococcus </it>infections, and opens new fields for further investigation.</p

Matrix exponential-based closures for the turbulent subgrid-scale stress tensor

Two approaches for closing the turbulence subgrid-scale stress tensor in terms of matrix exponentials are introduced and compared. The first approach is based on a formal solution of the stress transport equation in which the production terms can be integrated exactly in terms of matrix exponentials. This formal solution of the subgrid-scale stress transport equation is shown to be useful to explore special cases, such as the response to constant velocity gradient, but neglecting pressure-strain correlations and diffusion effects. The second approach is based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian change of variables, combined with the assumption of isotropy for the conditionally averaged Lagrangian velocity gradient tensor and with the recent fluid deformation approximation. It is shown that both approaches lead to the same basic closure in which the stress tensor is expressed as the matrix exponential of the resolved velocity gradient tensor multiplied by its transpose. Short-time expansions of the matrix exponentials are shown to provide an eddy-viscosity term and particular quadratic terms, and thus allow a reinterpretation of traditional eddy-viscosity and nonlinear stress closures. The basic feasibility of the matrix-exponential closure is illustrated by implementing it successfully in large eddy simulation of forced isotropic turbulence. The matrix-exponential closure employs the drastic approximation of entirely omitting the pressure-strain correlation and other nonlinear scrambling terms. But unlike eddy-viscosity closures, the matrix exponential approach provides a simple and local closure that can be derived directly from the stress transport equation with the production term, and using physically motivated assumptions about Lagrangian decorrelation and upstream isotropy

A genealógiai kutatás lehetőségei a bécsi Kriegsarchivban

A könyvfejezetben a Habsburg Birodalomban mindvégig jelentős szerepet játszó hadsereg személyügyi anyagainak legfontosabb típusai, a mustrajegyzékek, állománytáblázatok, a revíziós listák, az újoncozási- és áthelyezési listák, a törzskönyvi lapok, a minősítési jegyzékek, a katonai anyakönyvek és a nyugdíjazási jegyzőkönyvek, illetve ezen forrástípusok fejlődése, szerkezeti felépítése és főbb tartalmi jegyei kerülnek bemutatásra. Ezek a többnyire adatgazdag irategyüttesek ugyanis széleskörű lehetőséget biztosítanak a mindenkori haderőben szolgálatot teljesítő személyekkel kapcsolatos genealógiai és életrajzi jellegű kutatások számára is, amit jelentős mértékben megkönnyít, hogy a vonatkozó források többsége egy helyen, a bécsi Hadilevéltárban található. Ismertetésre kerülnek továbbá a nem kimondottan személyügyi katonai forrásoknak tekinthető, de genealógiai szempontból releváns iratanyagok (Udvari Haditanács iratai, Régi Tábori Akták) is. Az említett forrásegyüttesek keletkezésének és mindenkori őrzési helyének áttekintése révén egyúttal a bécsi hadilevéltár fejlődéstörténete is vázlatosan bemutatásra kerül. Végezetül pedig a szerző a 18–19. század fordulójának császári-királyi tisztikarára irányuló saját kutatásainak tapasztalatait és módszertanát mutatja be néhány érzékletes példán keresztül

The energy budget in Rayleigh-Benard convection

It is shown using three series of Rayleigh number simulations of varying aspect ratio AR and Prandtl number Pr that the normalized dissipation at the wall, while significantly greater than 1, approaches a constant dependent upon AR and Pr. It is also found that the peak velocity, not the mean square velocity, obeys the experimental scaling of Ra^{0.5}. The scaling of the mean square velocity is closer to Ra^{0.46}, which is shown to be consistent with experimental measurements and the numerical results for the scaling of Nu and the temperature if there are strong correlations between the velocity and temperature.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, new version 13 Mar, 200