The Family Name as Socio-Cultural Feature and Genetic Metaphor: From Concepts to Methods

A recent workshop entitled The Family Name as Socio-Cultural Feature and Genetic Metaphor: From Concepts to Methods was held in Paris in December 2010, sponsored by the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and by the journal Human Biology. This workshop was intended to foster a debate on questions related to the family names and to compare different multidisciplinary approaches involving geneticists, historians, geographers, sociologists and social anthropologists. This collective paper presents a collection of selected communications

Fingerprinting Soft Materials: A Framework for Characterizing Nonlinear Viscoelasticity

We introduce a comprehensive scheme to physically quantify both viscous and elastic rheological nonlinearities simultaneously, using an imposed large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) strain. The new framework naturally lends a physical interpretation to commonly reported Fourier coefficients of the nonlinear stress response. Additionally, we address the ambiguities inherent in the standard definitions of viscoelastic moduli when extended into the nonlinear regime, and define new measures which reveal behavior that is obscured by conventional techniques.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, full-page double-space preprint forma

Thermal Comptonization in Mildly Relativistic Pair Plasmas

We use a Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the spectra of mildly relativistic thermal plasmas in pair balance. We use the exact integral expression for the electron-positron thermal annihilation spectrum, and provide accurate expressions for the Gaunt factors of electron-ion, electron-electron, and electron-positron thermal bremsstrahlung in the transrelativistic temperature regime. The particles are assumed to be uniformly distributed throughout a sphere, and the pair opacity is self-consistently calculated from the energy and angular distribution of scattered photons. The resultant photon spectra are compared with the nonrelativistic diffusion treatment of Sunyaev and Titarchuk, the bridging formulas of Zdziarski, and the relativistic corrections proposed by Titarchuk. We calculate allowed pair-balanced states of thermal plasmas with no pair escape which include bremsstrahlung and internal soft photons. The results are presented in the spectral index/compactness plane, and can be directly compared with observations of spectra from AGNs and Galactic black hole candidates. By comparing with X-ray spectral indices of Seyfert AGNs and compactnesses inferred from X-ray variability data, we find that the allowed solutions for pair equilibrium plasma imply that the temperatures of Seyfert galaxies are $\lesssim 300$ keV. This prediction can be tested with more sensitive gamma-ray observations of Seyfert galaxies. We find that if the X-ray variability time scale gives an accurate measure of the compactness, pair-dominated solutions are inconsistent with the data.Comment: 32 pages with 9 figures, compressed and uuencoded postscrip

Expanding the role of participatory mapping to assess ecosystem service provision in local coastal environments

There has been increasing international effort to better understand the diversity and quality of marine natural capital, ecosystem services and their associated societal benefits. However, there is an evidence gap as to how these benefits are identified at the local scale, where benefits are provided and to whom, trade-offs in development decisions, and understanding how benefits support well-being. Often the benefits of conservation are poorly understood at the local scale, are not effectively integrated into policy and are rarely included meaningfully in public discourse. This paper addresses this disjuncture and responds to the demand for improving dialogue with local communities and stakeholders. Participatory GIS mapping is used as a direct means of co-producing knowledge with stakeholder and community interests. This paper drives a shift from development of participatory approaches to adaptive applications in real-world case studies of local, national and international policy relevance. The results from four sites along the UK North Sea coast are presented. This paper showcases a robust stakeholder-driven approach that can be used to inform marine planning, conservation management and coastal development. Although the demonstration sites are UK-focused, the methodology presented is of global significance and can be applied across spatial and temporal scales

Optimization of Far-field Radiation from Impedance Loaded Nanoloops Accelerated by an Exact Analytical Formulation

Impedance loading is a common technique traditionally used in the RF to enhance the performance of an antenna, but its application in the optical regime is not as rigorously studied. This is mainly due to a lack of exact analytical expressions that can be used to rapidly predict the radiation properties of loaded nanoantennas. This paper will derive a set of useful analytical expressions for the far-field radiation properties of loop antennas loaded with an arbitrary number of lumped impedances that are valid from the RF to optical regimes. The analytical expressions will be validated with full-wave solvers and can be evaluated more than 100x faster. The ability to perform such rapid evaluations enables, for the first time, large-scale single- and multi-objective optimizations. A series of optimizations reveal that electrically small super-directive antennas can be achieved at a variety of far field angles through capacitive loading, paving the way for a pattern reconfigurable antenna. In addition, gains of greater than 3 dB can be achieved for electrically small antennas over a fractional bandwidth of 28%. Finally, it is shown that impedance loading can be used to achieve circularly polarized radiation from a single loop.Paper submitted for review on 03/20/2018. The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Education - Commission Fulbright Program “Salvador de Madariaga” (PRX14/00320) for sponsoring the joint research collaboration. This work has also been partially financed by the Spanish and Andalusian research programs TEC202016-79214-C3-3-R and P12-TIC-1442 as well as by the Center for Nanoscale Science, an NSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, under the award DMR-1420620

The evolution of ocean literacy: A new framework for the United Nations Ocean Decade and beyond

First introduced in the early 2000s, the concept of ocean literacy has evolved in recent years, not least since its inclusion as a mechanism for change within the United Nations Ocean Decade's goals. Building on early definitions of ocean literacy, there has been increasing recognition of a range of additional dimensions which contribute to an individual or collective sense of ‘ocean literacy’. Drawing on existing research, and parallel and supporting concepts, e.g., marine citizenship, ocean connectedness, and public perceptions research, this paper proposes ten dimensions of ocean literacy: knowledge, communication, behaviour, awareness, attitudes, activism, emotional connection, access and experience, adaptive capacity and trust and transparency, and recommends expanding previously recognised dimensions, in a bid to ensure that ocean literacy encompasses diverse knowledges, values and experiences. The paper provides a useful framework for ongoing ocean literacy research, and highlights aspects of ocean literacy which have received limited focus to date