398 research outputs found
Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ia SN 2007sr Two Months After Maximum Light
We present late time spectropolarimetric observations of SN 2007sr, obtained
with the VLT telescope at ESO Paranal Observatory when the object was 63 days
after maximum light. The late time spectrum displays strong line polarization
in the CaII absorption features. SN 2007sr adds to the case of some normal Type
Ia SNe that show high line polarization or repolarization at late times, a fact
that might be connected with the presence of high velocity features at early
times
A spectropolarimetric view on the nature of the peculiar Type I SN 2005hk
We report two spectropolarimetric observations of SN 2005hk, which is a close
copy of the "very peculiar" SN 2002cx, showing low peak luminosity, slow
decline, high ionization near peak and an unusually low expansion velocity of
only about 7,000 km s^-1. Further to the data presented by Chornock et al.,
(2006), at -4 days before maximum, we present data of this object taken on 9
November 2005 (near maximum) and 23 November (+ two weeks) that show the
continuum and most of the spectral lines to be polarized at levels of about
0.2-0.3%. At both epochs the data corresponds to the Spectropolarimetric Type
D1. The general low level of line polarization suggests that the line forming
regions for most species observed in the spectrum have a similar shape to that
of the photosphere, which deviates from a spherical symmetry by <10%. In
comparison with spectropolarimetry of Type Ia and Core-collapse SNe at similar
epochs, we find that the properties of SN 2005hk are most similar to those of
Type Ia SNe. In particular, we find the low levels of continuum and line
polarization to indicate that the explosion mechanism is approximately
spherical, with homogeneous ejecta (unlike the chemically segregated ejecta of
CCSNe). We discuss the possibility that SN 2005hk was the result of the pure
deflagration of a white dwarf and note the issues concerning this
interpretation.Comment: ApJ accepted, uses emulateapj, 16 pages, 10 figures, figures 3 and 4
update
Time Dilation from Spectral Feature Age Measurements of Type Ia Supernovae
We have developed a quantitative, empirical method for estimating the age of
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from a single spectral epoch. The technique
examines the goodness of fit of spectral features as a function of the temporal
evolution of a large database of SNe Ia spectral features. When a SN Ia
spectrum with good signal-to-noise ratio over the rest frame range 3800 to 6800
A is available, the precision of a spectral feature age (SFA) is (1-sigma) ~
1.4 days. SFA estimates are made for two spectral epochs of SN 1996bj (z=0.574)
to measure the rate of aging at high redshift. In the 10.05 days which elapsed
between spectral observations, SN 1996bj aged 3.35 3.2 days, consistent
with the 6.38 days of aging expected in an expanding Universe and inconsistent
with no time dilation at the 96.4 % confidence level. The precision to which
individual features constrain the supernova age has implications for the source
of inhomogeneities among SNe Ia.Comment: 14 pages (LaTex), 7 postscript figures to Appear in the Astronomical
Journa
The Deep Lens Survey Transient Search I : Short Timescale and Astrometric Variability
We report on the methodology and first results from the Deep Lens Survey
transient search. We utilize image subtraction on survey data to yield all
sources of optical variability down to 24th magnitude. Images are analyzed
immediately after acquisition, at the telescope and in near-real time, to allow
for followup in the case of time-critical events. All classes of transients are
posted to the web upon detection. Our observing strategy allows sensitivity to
variability over several decades in timescale. The DLS is the first survey to
classify and report all types of photometric and astrometric variability
detected, including solar system objects, variable stars, supernovae, and short
timescale phenomena. Three unusual optical transient events were detected,
flaring on thousand-second timescales. All three events were seen in the B
passband, suggesting blue color indices for the phenomena. One event (OT
20020115) is determined to be from a flaring Galactic dwarf star of spectral
type dM4. From the remaining two events, we find an overall rate of \eta = 1.4
events deg-2 day-1 on thousand-second timescales, with a 95% confidence limit
of \eta < 4.3. One of these events (OT 20010326) originated from a compact
precursor in the field of galaxy cluster Abell 1836, and its nature is
uncertain. For the second (OT 20030305) we find strong evidence for an extended
extragalactic host. A dearth of such events in the R passband yields an upper
95% confidence limit on short timescale astronomical variability between 19.5 <
R < 23.4 of \eta_R < 5.2. We report also on our ensemble of astrometrically
variable objects, as well as an example of photometric variability with an
undetected precursor.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ.
Variability data available at http://dls.bell-labs.com/transients.htm
Properties of extragalactic dust inferred from linear polarimetry of Type Ia Supernovae
Aims: The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to investigate the properties of
extragalactic dust and compare them to what is seen in the Galaxy; 2) to
address in an independent way the problem of the anomalous extinction curves
reported for reddened Type Ia Supernovae (SN) in connection to the environments
in which they explode. Methods: The properties of the dust are derived from the
wavelength dependence of the continuum polarization observed in four reddened
Type Ia SN: 1986G, 2006X, 2008fp, and 2014J. [...] Results: All four objects
are characterized by exceptionally low total-to-selective absorption ratios
(R_V) and display an anomalous interstellar polarization law, characterized by
very blue polarization peaks. In all cases the polarization position angle is
well aligned with the local spiral structure. While SN~1986G is compatible with
the most extreme cases of interstellar polarization known in the Galaxy,
SN2006X, 2008fp, and 2014J show unprecedented behaviours. The observed
deviations do not appear to be connected to selection effects related to the
relatively large amounts of reddening characterizing the objects in the sample.
Conclusions: The dust responsible for the polarization of these four SN is most
likely of interstellar nature. The polarization properties can be interpreted
in terms of a significantly enhanced abundance of small grains. The anomalous
behaviour is apparently associated with the properties of the galactic
environment in which the SN explode, rather than with the progenitor system
from which they originate. For the extreme case of SN2014J, we cannot exclude
the contribution of light scattered by local material; however, the observed
polarization properties require an ad hoc geometrical dust distribution.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Astrophysic
Defining and predicting textbook outcomes for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of factors improving achievement of desired postoperative outcomes
BACKGROUND: Definition of textbook outcome (TO), defined as a single indicator combining the most advantageous short-term outcomes, is still lacking for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC). The primary endpoint of the present study is to analyze the rate of achievement of a disease-specific TO for PHC within a high volume tertiary referral centre. Secondary endpoints are to identify predictive factors of TO-achievement and to analyze the impact of achieving TO on long-term results. METHODS: Between 2010 and 2022, a total of 237 patients undergoing combined liver and biliary resection for PHC at tertiary referral centre were included. Disease-specific TO were defined as: no 90-day mortality, no postoperative complications, no readmission, no intraoperative transfusions and resection margins. A logistic regression model was developed to identify predictors associated with TO-achievement. Kaplan-Meier curves were designed to determine TO's impact on survival. RESULTS: TO was achieved in 60 (25.3%) patients. At multivariate logistic regression, preoperative biliary drainage [odds ratio (OR) 2.90 (1.13-3.40), P =0.026], high prognostic nutritional index [OR 7.11 (6.71-9.43), P =0.007[ and minimally invasive approach [OR 3.57 (2.31-3.62), P =0.013] were identified as independent predictors of TO. High ASA score [OR 0.38 (0.17-0.82), P =0.013] decreased the odds of TO. A significant improvement in both overall survival and disease-free survival was associated to TO fulfilment. CONCLUSION: Since the achievement of TO correlates with better disease-free and overall survival, every effort should be made to ameliorate modifiable aspects prior to surery: management within referral centres with dedicated experience in biliary tract cancer and preoperative optimization protocol may positively contribute to improve postoperative outcomes, increasing the chance to obtain TO. Moreover, the implementation of advanced minimally invasive programs plays as well
Hydrogen and helium traces in type Ib-c supernovae
The spectroscopic properties of a selected optical photospheric spectra of
core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are investigated.Special attention is devoted
to traces of hydrogen at early phases.
The generated spectra are found to match the observed ones reasonably well,
including a list of only 23 candidate ions. Guided by SN Ib 1990I, the observed
trough near 6300\AA is attributed to H in almost all Type Ib events,
although in some objects it becomes too weak to be discernible, especially at
later phases. Alternative line identifications are discussed. Differences in
the way hydrogen manifests its presence within CCSNe are highlighted. In Type
Ib SNe, the H contrast velocity (i.e. line velocity minus the
photospheric velocity) seems to increase with time at early epochs, reaching
values as high as 8000 km s around 15-20 days after maximum and then
remains almost constant. The derived photospheric velocities, indicate a lower
velocity for Type II SNe 1987A and 1999em as compared to SN Ic 1994I and SN IIb
1993J, while Type Ib events display a somewhat larger variation. The scatter,
around day 20, is measured to be 5000 km s. Following two simple
approaches, rough estimates of ejecta and hydrogen masses are given. A mass of
hydrogen of approximately 0.02 is obtained for SN 1990I, while SNe
1983N and 2000H ejected 0.008 and 0.08 of
hydrogen, respectively. SN 1993J has a higher hydrogen mass,
with a large uncertainty. A low mass and thin hydrogen layer with
very high ejection velocities above the helium shell, is thus the most likely
scenario for Type Ib SNe. Some interesting and curious issues relating to
oxygen lines suggest future investigations.Comment: 26 pages, 37 figures, 2 tables. Published in Astronomy and
Astrophysics (Volume 450, Page 305); Title change
Polarimetry of an Intermediate-age Open Cluster: NGC 5617
We present polarimetric observations in the UBVRI bands of 72 stars located
in the direction of the medium age open cluster NGC 5617. Our intention is to
use polarimetry as a tool membership identification, by building on previous
investigations intended mainly to determine the cluster's general
characteristics rather than provide membership suitable for studies such as
stellar content and metallicity, as well as study the characteristics of the
dust lying between the Sun and the cluster. The obsevations were carried out
using the five-channel photopolarimeter of the Torino Astronomical Observatory
attached to the 2.15m telescope at the Complejo Astron\'omico El Leoncito
(CASLEO; Argentina. We are able to add 32 stars to the list of members of NGC
5617, and review the situation for others listed in the literature. In
particular, we find that five blue straggler stars in the region of the cluster
are located behind the same dust as the member stars are and we confirm the
membership of two red giants. The proposed polarimetric memberships are
compared with those derived by photometric and kinematical methods, with
excellent results. Among the observed stars, we identify 10 with intrinsic
polarization in their light. NGC 5617 can be polarimetrically characterized
with and . The spread in polarization
values for the stars observed in the direction of the cluster seems to be
caused by the uneven distribution of dust in front of the cluster's face.
Finally, we find that in the direction of the cluster, the interstellar medium
is apparently free of dust, from the Sun's position up to the
Carina-Sagittarius arm, where NGC 5617 seems to be located at its farthest
border
Expansion model for the external envelopes of the SN 1987A
Assuming the existence of a polarization produced by Thompson scattering, as suggested by the observations, a model has been computed for the optically thin layers of SN 1987A. Supposing that the isodensities in this region are oblate ellipsoids, we found the equation that describes the observable polarization as a function of its parameters. If we assumed that the inclination of the axis of symmetry and the eccentricity of the envelope are constant and using a model for the mass ejection, we were able to study the evolution of the size and density of the region as a function of time.Asociación Argentina de Astronomí
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