1,988 research outputs found
Thermal difference reflectivity of tilted 2D Dirac materials
Deviation from perfect conical dispersion in Dirac materials, such as the
presence of mass or tilting, enhances control and directionality of electronic
transport. To identify these signatures, we analyze the thermal derivative
spectra of optical reflectivity in doped massive tilted Dirac systems. The
density of states and chemical potential are determined as preliminary steps to
calculate the optical conductivity tensor at finite temperature using thermal
convolution. Changes in reflection caused by temperature variations enable
clear identification of critical frequencies in the optical response. By
measuring these spectral features in the thermoderivative spectrum, energy gaps
and band structure tilting can be determined. A comparison is presented between
the spectra of various low-energy Dirac Hamiltonians. Our findings suggest that
thermal difference spectroscopy holds promise as a valuable technique for
probing interband transitions of 2D Dirac fermion
Ballistic guided electrons against disorder in graphene nanoribbons
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are natural waveguides for electrons in graphene.
Nevertheless, unlike micron-sized samples, conductance is nearly suppressed in
these narrow graphene stripes, mainly due to scattering with edge disorder
generated during synthesis or cut. A possible way to circumvent this effect is
to define an internal waveguide that isolates specific modes from the edge
disorder and allows ballistic conductance. There are several proposals for
defining waveguides in graphene; in this manuscript, we consider strain folds
and scalar potentials and numerically evaluate these proposals' performance
against edge and bulk disorder. Using the Green's function approach, we
calculate conductance and the local density of states (LDOS) of zigzag GNRs and
characterize the performance of these different physical waveguiding effects in
both types of disorder. We found a general improvement in the electronic
conductance of GNR due to the presence of the internal waveguiding, with the
emergence of plateaus with quasi-ballistic properties and robustness against
edge disorder. These findings are up to be applied in modern nanotechnology and
being experimentally tested.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Tuning the pseudospin polarization of graphene by a pseudo-magnetic field
One of the intriguing characteristics of honeycomb lattices is the appearance
of a pseudo-magnetic field as a result of mechanical deformation. In the case
of graphene, the Landau quantization resulting from this pseudo-magnetic field
has been measured using scanning tunneling microscopy. Here we show that a
signature of the pseudo-magnetic field is a local sublattice symmetry breaking
observable as a redistribution of the local density of states. This can be
interpreted as a polarization of graphene's pseudospin due to a strain induced
pseudo-magnetic field, in analogy to the alignment of a real spin in a magnetic
field. We reveal this sublattice symmetry breaking by tunably straining
graphene using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. The tip locally
lifts the graphene membrane from a SiO support, as visible by an increased
slope of the curves. The amount of lifting is consistent with molecular
dynamics calculations, which reveal a deformed graphene area under the tip in
the shape of a Gaussian. The pseudo-magnetic field induced by the deformation
becomes visible as a sublattice symmetry breaking which scales with the lifting
height of the strained deformation and therefore with the pseudo-magnetic field
strength. Its magnitude is quantitatively reproduced by analytic and
tight-binding models, revealing fields of 1000 T. These results might be the
starting point for an effective THz valley filter, as a basic element of
valleytronics.Comment: Revised manuscript: streamlined the abstract and introduction, added
methods to supplement, Nano Letters, 201
Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Agents versus Bovine Colostrum Supplementation for the Management of Bone Health Using an Osteoporosis-Induced Rat Model
Osteoporosis is defined by loss of bone mass and deteriorated bone microarchitecture. The present study compared the effects of available pharmacological and non-pharmacological agents for osteoporosis [alendronate (ALE) and concomitant supplementation of vitamin D (VD) and calcium (Ca)] with the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation in ovariectomized (OVX) and orchidectomized (ORX) rats. Seven-month-old rats were randomly allocated to: (1) placebo-control, (2) ALE group (7.5 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week), (3) VD/Ca group (VD: 35 μg/kg of body weight/day/5 times per week; Ca: 13 mg/kg of body weight/day/3 times per week), and (4) BC supplementation (OVX: 1.5 g/day/5 times per week; ORX: 2 g/day/5 times per week). Following four months of supplementation, bone microarchitecture, strength and bone markers were evaluated. ALE group demonstrated significantly higher Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC and significantly lower Ct.Pr, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, Ct.BMD and Tb.BMD, compared to placebo (p < 0.05). BC presented significantly higher Ct.Pr, Ct.BMD, Tb.Pr, Tb.Sp, and Tb.BMD and significantly lower Ct.OV, Ct.BMC, Tb.Th, Tb.OV and Tb.BMC compared to ALE in OVX rats (p < 0.05). OVX rats receiving BC experienced a significant increase in serum ALP and OC levels post-supplementation (p < 0.05). BC supplementation may induce positive effects on bone metabolism by stimulating bone formation, but appear not to be as effective as ALE
Strained graphene structures: from valleytronics to pressure sensing
Due to its strong bonds graphene can stretch up to 25% of its original size
without breaking. Furthermore, mechanical deformations lead to the generation
of pseudo-magnetic fields (PMF) that can exceed 300 T. The generated PMF has
opposite direction for electrons originating from different valleys. We show
that valley-polarized currents can be generated by local straining of
multi-terminal graphene devices. The pseudo-magnetic field created by a
Gaussian-like deformation allows electrons from only one valley to transmit and
a current of electrons from a single valley is generated at the opposite side
of the locally strained region. Furthermore, applying a pressure difference
between the two sides of a graphene membrane causes it to bend/bulge resulting
in a resistance change. We find that the resistance changes linearly with
pressure for bubbles of small radius while the response becomes non-linear for
bubbles that stretch almost to the edges of the sample. This is explained as
due to the strong interference of propagating electronic modes inside the
bubble. Our calculations show that high gauge factors can be obtained in this
way which makes graphene a good candidate for pressure sensing.Comment: to appear in proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Worksho
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