Analisis Pengaruh Label Halal pada Produk Makanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Masyarakat Kota Medan

The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of halal labels on the purchasing decisions of consumers in the city of Medan. Halal label is a halal statement written on the packaging issued on the basis of halal inauguration that integrates on product packaging as a legal guarantee, that the guarantee in question is halal to be used and consumed by the public, in accordance with the provisions of Islamic Shari'a and legislation. So, the number of food products circulating in the city of Medan, which do not have a halal label. But even so, the product continued to circulate widely, even many bought the product. On this basis, researchers want to see how to influence halal labels on consumers' decisions to buy a food product in the city of Medan. Meanwhile, residents in the Medan city are almost in balance, between Muslims and non-Muslims this study uses a quantitative approach. Data analysis techniques used are simple linear regression analysis and Determination test. This study uses a sampling method by accidental sampling and purposive sampling, by way of sampling by chance (spontaneity), but the sample chosen is also based on certain considerations, namely non-Muslim communities and Muslim communites

Analisis Aktivitas Dari Jamur Endofit Yang Terdapat Dalam Tumbuhan Bakau Avicennia Marina Di Tasik Ria Minahasa

Endofit dapat diartikan sebagai mikroba yang hidup berkoloni dalam jaringan internal tumbuhan tanpa menyebabkan efek yang merugikan secara langsung pada tumbuhan tersebut. Organisme endofitik memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk dieksploitasi dan menghasilkan produk alami baru yang bermanfaat di bidang kedokteran, pertanian, dan industri. Pada sisi yang lain kebutuhan terhadap obat-obatan baru yang membantu umat manusia melawan pelbagai penyakit tidak pernah berhenti, hal ini disebabkan adanya resistensi bakteri, infeksi virus, insidensi infeksi jamur, berbagai jenis tumor, infeksi parasit dan protozoa, di dalam populasi dunia sekarang ini sebagai akibat ketidakmampuan kita untuk mengatasi tidak hanya problematika kesehatan. Indonesia sebagai daerah tropis dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang cukup besar, di lain pihak, perlawanan endofit di ekosistem daerah tropis melawan organisme patogen dan predator cukup besar, sumber daya yang terbatas dan tekanan seleksi alam sangat tinggi. Hal ini menimbulkan kemungkinan besar bahwa endofit di daerah tropis seperti di negara kita merupakan sumber struktur senyawa baru dengan aktivitas biologis yang menarik untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan obat baru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian untuk mencari kandidat obat-obatan baru yang difokuskan pada kandidat bahan obat yang memiliki potensi antibakteri dan antikanker. Tumbuhan bakau Avicennia marina diambil dari Pantai Tasik Ria. Jamur endofit diisolasi hingga diperoleh 2 isolat galur murni Aspergillus sp. dan Acremonium sp. Kedua isolat kemudian diuji aktivitasnya terhadap bakteri patogen Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan menggunakan metode ko-kultivasi. Acremonium sp. memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan jamur Aspergillus sp. terhadap bakteri S. aureus, sedangkan Aspergillus sp. menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang tinggi terhadap bakteri E. coli

Uji Antibakteri Jamur Endofit Dari Tumbuhan Mangrove Sonneratia Alba Yang Tumbuh Di Perairan Pantai Tanawangko

Jamur endofit merupakan jamur yang hidup di dalam jaringan tumbuhan tanpa memperlihatkan timbulnya penyakit pada tumbuhan tersebut. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer yang dimodifikasi. Jamur yang memperlihatkan aktivitas antibiotik yang kuat dikultivasi statis dalam media nasi selama 10 hari Induksi bakteri S. aureus dilakukan pada isolat yang menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi. Tujuan pemberian bakteri pada kultur yaitu memicu jamur untuk menghasilkan senyawa tertentu melalui jalur biosintesis senyap (Silence Biosynthetic Pathway) pada jamur tersebut. Proses inkubasi dihentikan dengan cara maserasi dengan menambahkan etanol 96 % ke dalam kultur selama 24 jam. selanjutnya dipartisi dengan pelarut etil asetat, n-heksan, etanol dan air untuk memperoleh fraksi n-heksan, etanol dan air. Tiap fraksi ini diuji kembali aktivitas antibiotiknya dengan menggunakan metode tersebut di atas. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sembilan isolat jamur dari mangrove S. alba. Lima isolat menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S.aureus dan E. coli Tiga isolat akar (PTWSAA1.1, 1.2 dan 1.3) menunjukkan aktivitas yang kuat terhadap kedua bakteri uji. Ketiga isolat jamur dikultivasi statis dalam media nasi dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi dan partisi. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri tiap fraksi ketiga isolat jamur memperlihatkan hanya fraksi etanol yang menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan, Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa aktif antibakteri dari ketiga jamur endofit merupakan senyawa yang bersifat semipolar

Isolasi Antimikroba Dari Jamur Yang Bersimbiosis Dengan Biota Laut

Penelitian untuk mengisolasi antibakteri dari jamur yang bersimbiosis pada sponge dan ascidian telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk memberdayakan potensi biota laut yang kaya dan belum banyak diperhatikan. Penelitian dilakukan meliputi sampling sponge dan ascidian, isolasi jamur simbion pada ke dua biota laut, kultur jamur dan ekstraksi dengan etanol dilanjutkan dengan partisi dengan pelarut etil asetat, heksan dan butanol dan pengujian antibakteri pada bakteri S. aureus, dan E. coli. Aktivitas antibakteri diukur dari zona hambat yang terbentuk oleh masing masing ekstrak terhadap bakteri uji. Tujuan penelitian yaitu: membandingkan aktivitas antimikroba dari ekstrak jamur simbionnya dan fraksi-fraksi etil asetat, heksan,butanol. Dari 5 jenis sponge dan 2 jenis ascidian yang di koleksi diperoleh 12 jenis jamur. Ekstrak kasar jamur S2-3 dan S4-2 dan A2-1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji S. aureus dan E coli. Ekstrak jamur S4-2 aktivitasnya hampir menyamai antibiotik pembanding yang digunakan (Chloramex). Ekstrak jamur S2-3 fraksi etil asetat dan heksan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan E coli. Fraksi etil asetat jamur S2-3 da S4-2 diameter zona hambat hampir sama. Pada penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa: dari lima jenis sponge dan dua jenis ascidian didapatkan 12 jamur simbion. Ekstrak kasar jamur S4-2 memiliki diameter zona hambat yang besar dan hampir menyamai antibiotika pembanding. Aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak jamur S2-3 dan S4-2 fraksi heksan lebih besar untuk bakteri E.coli dibanding S.aureus

The ethics of animal research: a survey of the public and scientists in North America

Background: To determine whether the public and scientists consider common arguments (and counterarguments) in support (or not) of animal research (AR) convincing. Methods: After validation, the survey was sent to samples of public (Sampling Survey International (SSI; Canadian), Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT; US), a Canadian city festival and children’s hospital), medical students (two second-year classes), and scientists (corresponding authors, and academic pediatricians). We presented questions about common arguments (with their counterarguments) to justify the moral permissibility (or not) of AR. Responses were compared using Chi-square with Bonferonni correction. Results: There were 1220 public [SSI, n = 586; AMT, n = 439; Festival, n = 195; Hospital n = 107], 194/331 (59 %) medical student, and 19/319 (6 %) scientist [too few to report] responses. Most public respondents were(65 %), had some College/University education (83 %), and had never done AR (92 %). Most public and medical student respondents considered ‘benefits arguments’ sufficient to justify AR; however, most acknowledged that counterarguments suggesting alternative research methods may be available, or that it is unclear why the same ‘benefits arguments’ do not apply to using humans in research, significantly weakened ‘benefits arguments’. Almost all were not convinced of the moral permissibility of AR by ‘characteristics of non-human-animals arguments’, including that non-human-animals are not sentient, or are property. Most were not convinced of the moral permissibility of AR by ‘human exceptionalism’ arguments, including that humans have more advanced mental abilities, are of a special ‘kind’, can enter social contracts, or face a ‘lifeboat situation’. Counterarguments explained much of this, including that not all humans have these more advanced abilities [‘argument from species overlap’], and that the notion of ‘kind’ is arbitrary [e.g., why are we not of the ‘kind’ ‘sentient-animal’ or ‘subject-of-a-life’?]. Medical students were more supportive (80 %) of AR at the end of the survey (p \u3c 0.05). Conclusions: Responses suggest that support for AR may not be based on cogent philosophical rationales, and more open debate is warranted

Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Interactions During Spontaneous and Controlled Breathing: Linear Parametric Analysis

In this work, we perform a linear parametric analysis of cardiorespiratory interactions in bivariate time series of heart period (HP) and respiration (RESP) measured in 19 healthy subjects during spontaneous breathing and controlled breathing at varying breathing frequency. The analysis is carried out computing measures of the total and causal interaction between HP and RESP variability in both time and frequency domains (low- and high-frequency, LF and HF). Results highlight strong cardiorespiratory interactions in the time domain and within the HF band that are not affected by the paced breathing condition. Interactions in the LF band are weaker and prevalent along the direction from HP to RESP, but result more influenced by the shift from spontaneous to controlled respiration

Analisis Senyawa Antibiotik Dari Jamur Simbion Yang Terdapat Dalam Ascidians Didemnum Molle Di Sekitar Perairan Bunaken-Sulawesi Utara

Endosymbiont can be interpreted as microbes that live in colonies in the internal tissues of other higher organisms without causing adverse effects directly on the its host. Endosymbiont organisms have a huge potential to be exploited as a new natural products that are useful in medicine, agriculture, and industry. This research is focused on the antibacterial potential. Ascidians Didemnum moll speciments were collected from Manado waters. The fungal isolates were purified followed by screening their antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study we isolated 3 fungal specimens Acremonium sp. (ADMB-1, 2 and 3). Three isolates showed potential antibacterial activity. Together with the fungal isolates, we also isolated Bacillus galacosidilyticus from the same host. This bacterial isolate also show antibacterial potency

Uji Efek Antibakteri Daun Mangrove Rhizophora Apiculata Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Dan Staphylococcus Aureus

: Endophytic Fungi are microorganisms that live in the plant tissue systems such as seeds, leaves, flowers, twigs, stems, and roots. Endophytic fungi used in this study was isolated from Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata leaves. R. apiculata is widely grown in coastal areas. This study aimed to determine whether there was an antibacterial effect of endophytic fungi that was isolated from leaves of Rhizophora apiculata against the sample bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This study was conducted in the Pharmacology and Therapeutics Laboratory of Sam Ratulangi University by using experimental methods. The results showed two types of fungi, tusky white endophytic fungi and white filamentous endophytic fungi, isolated from Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata leaves. Both types of fungi showed the presence of bacterial growth inhibition, but the white filamentous endophytic fungi had greater antibacterial effect than the tusky white endophytic fungi