Molecular hydrogen jets and outflows in the Serpens south filamentary cloud

We aimed to map the jets and outflows from the Serpens South star forming region and find an empirical relationship between the magnetic field and outflow orientation. Near-infrared H2 v=1-0 S(1) 2.122{\mu}m -line imaging of the \sim 30'-long filamentary shaped Serpens South star forming region was carried out. K s broadband imaging of the same region was used for continuum subraction. Candidate driving sources of the mapped jets/outflows are identified from the list of known protostars and young stars in this region, which was derived from studies using recent Spitzer and Herschel telescope observations. 14 Molecular Hydrogen emission-line objects(MHOs) are identified using our continuum-subtracted images. They are found to constitute ten individual flows. Out of these, nine flows are located in the lower-half(southern) part of the Serpens South filament, and one flow is located at the northern tip of the filament. Four flows are driven by well-identified Class 0 protostars, while the remaining six flows are driven by candidate protostars mostly in the Class I stage, based on the Spitzer and Herschel observations. The orientation of the outflows is systematically perpendicular to the direction of the near-infrared polarization vector, recently published in the literature. No significant correlation was observed between the orientation of the flows and the axis of the filamentary cloud.Comment: Accepted by A&A for publication. 7 pages, 5 figure

Growing electrostatic modes in the isothermal pair plasma of the pulsar magnetosphere

It is shown that a strongly magnetized isothermal pair plasma near the surface of a pulsar supports low-frequency (in comparison to electron cyclotron frequency) toroidal electrostatic plasma modes in the equatorial region. Physically, the thermal pressure coupled with the magnetic pressure creates the low frequency oscillations which may grow for particular case of inhomogeneities of the equilibrium magnetic field and the pair plasma density.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science 201

England’s Electronic Prescription Service: Infrastructure in an Institutional Setting

We describe the development of the Electronic Prescription Service (EPS), the solution for the electronic transmission of prescriptions adopted by the English NHS for primary care. The chapter is based on both an analysis of data collected as part of a nationally commissioned evaluation of EPS, and on reports of contemporary developments in the service. Drawing on the notion of an installed infrastructural base, we illustrate how EPS has been assembled within a rich institutional and organizational context including causal pasts, contemporary practices and policy visions. This process of assembly is traced using three perspectives; as the realization and negotiation of constraints found in the wider NHS context, as a response to inertia arising from limited resources and weak incentive structures, and as a purposive fidelity to the existing institutional cultures of the NHS. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the significance of this analysis for notions of an installed base

Classification of behaviour in housed dairy cows using an accelerometer-based activity monitoring system

Background Advances in bio-telemetry technology have made it possible to automatically monitor and classify behavioural activities in many animals, including domesticated species such as dairy cows. Automated behavioural classification has the potential to improve health and welfare monitoring processes as part of a Precision Livestock Farming approach. Recent studies have used accelerometers and pedometers to classify behavioural activities in dairy cows, but such approaches often cannot discriminate accurately between biologically important behaviours such as feeding, lying and standing or transition events between lying and standing. In this study we develop a decision-tree algorithm that uses tri-axial accelerometer data from a neck-mounted sensor to both classify biologically important behaviour in dairy cows and to detect transition events between lying and standing. Results Data were collected from six dairy cows that were monitored continuously for 36 h. Direct visual observations of each cow were used to validate the algorithm. Results show that the decision-tree algorithm is able to accurately classify three types of biologically relevant behaviours: lying (77.42 % sensitivity, 98.63 % precision), standing (88.00 % sensitivity, 55.00 % precision), and feeding (98.78 % sensitivity, 93.10 % precision). Transitions between standing and lying were also detected accurately with an average sensitivity of 96.45 % and an average precision of 87.50 %. The sensitivity and precision of the decision-tree algorithm matches the performance of more computationally intensive algorithms such as hidden Markov models and support vector machines. Conclusions Biologically important behavioural activities in housed dairy cows can be classified accurately using a simple decision-tree algorithm applied to data collected from a neck-mounted tri-axial accelerometer. The algorithm could form part of a real-time behavioural monitoring system in order to automatically detect dairy cow health and welfare status

Two years survival rate of class II composite resin restorations prepared by ART with and without a chemomechanical caries removal gel in primary molars

The aim was to test the null hypotheses that there is no difference: (1) in carious lesion development at the restoration margin between class II composite resin restorations in primary molars produced through the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with and without a chemomechanical caries removal gel and (2) in the survival rate of class II composite resin restorations between two treatment groups after 2 years. Three hundred twenty-seven children with 568 class II cavitated lesions were included in a parallel mouth study design. Four operators placed resin composite (Filtek Z 250) restorations bonded with a self-etch adhesive (Adper prompt L pop). Two independent examiners evaluated the restorations after 0.5, 1, and 2 years using the modified Ryge criteria. The Kaplan–Meier survival method was applied to estimate survival percentages. A high proportion of restorations were lost during the study period. Therefore, the first hypothesis could not be tested. No statistically significant difference was observed between the cumulative survival percentages of restorations produced by the two treatment approaches over the 2-year period (ART, 54.1 ± 3.4%; ART with Carisolv™, 46.0 ± 3.4%). This hypothesis was accepted. ART with chemomechanical gel might not provide an added benefit increasing the survival percentages of ART class II composite resin restorations in primary teeth

The translational activator Sov1 coordinates mitochondrial gene expression with mitoribosome biogenesis

Abstract Mitoribosome biogenesis is an expensive metabolic process that is essential to maintain cellular respiratory capacity and requires the stoichiometric accumulation of rRNAs and proteins encoded in two distinct genomes. In yeast, the ribosomal protein Var1, alias uS3m, is mitochondrion-encoded. uS3m is a protein universally present in all ribosomes, where it forms part of the small subunit (SSU) mRNA entry channel and plays a pivotal role in ribosome loading onto the mRNA. However, despite its critical functional role, very little is known concerning VAR1 gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that the protein Sov1 is an in bona fide VAR1 mRNA translational activator and additionally interacts with newly synthesized Var1 polypeptide. Moreover, we show that Sov1 assists the late steps of mtSSU biogenesis involving the incorporation of Var1, an event necessary for uS14 and mS46 assembly. Notably, we have uncovered a translational regulatory mechanism by which Sov1 fine-tunes Var1 synthesis with its assembly into the mitoribosome

Analysis of saccharide binding to Artocarpus integrifolia lectin reveals specific recognition of T-antigen (β-D-Gal(1→3)D-GalNAc)

The binding of Artocarpus integrifolia lectin to Ndansylgalactosamine (where dansyl is 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene- 1-sulfonyl) leads to a 100%i ncrease in dansyl fluorescence with a concomitant blue shift in the emission maximum by 10 nm. This binding is carbohydrate-specific and has an association constant of 1.74×l04 M−1 at 20°C. The lectin has two binding sites for N-dansylgalactosamine. The values of -ΔH and -ΔS for the bindinogf N-dansylgalactosamine are in the rangeof values reported for severale ctin-monosaccharide interactions, indicating an absence of nonpolar interactiono f the dansylm oiety of the sugar with the combining region of the protein. Dissociation of the bound N-dansylgalactosamine from its complex with the lectin and tchoen sequent change in its fluorescence on addition of nonfluorescent sugars allowed evaluation of the association constant for competing ligands. The thermodynamic parameters for the binding of monosaccharides suggest that theO H groups at C-2, C- 3, C-4, and C-6 in the D-galactose configuration are important loci for interaction with the lectin. The acetamido group at C-2 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose and a methoxyl group at C-1 of methyl-α-Dgalactopyranoside are presumably also involved in binding through nonpolar and van der Waals' interactions. The T-antigenic disaccharide Galβ1→3GalNAc binds very strongly to the lectinw hen compared with methyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, the β(1→3)-linked disaccharides such as Galβ1→3GlcNAc, and the β(1→4)-linked disaccharides, N-acetyllactosamine andla ctose. The major stabilizing force for the avid bindingof Tantigenic disaccharide appears to be a favorable enthalpic contribution. The combining site of the lectin is, therefore,e xtended. These data takent ogether suggest that the Artocarpus lectin is specific toward the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. There are subtle differences in the overaltlo pography of its combining site when compared with that of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutininThe results of stopped flow spectrometry for the binding of N-dansylgalactosamine to the Artocarpus lectin are consistent with a simple single-step bimolecular association and unimolecular dissociation rate processes. The value of k+1 and k−1, at 21°C are 8.1×105 M−1 s−l and 50 s−1, respectively. The activation parameters indicate eant halpy-controlled association process

Analysis of Saccharide Binding to Artocarpus integrifolia Lectin Reveals Specific Recognition of T-antigen (\beta D-Gal(1\rightarrow 3)GalNAc

The binding of Artocarpus integrifolia lectin to N-dansylgalactosamine (where dansyl is 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) leads to a 100\% increase in dansyl fluorescence with a concomitant blue shift in the emission maximum by 10 nm. This binding is carbohydrate-specific and has an association constant of 1.74 \times $10^4 M^{-1}$ at $20^oC$. The lectin has two binding sites for N-dansylgalactosamine. The values of -\Delta H and -\Delta S for the bindinogf N-dansylgalactosamine are in the range of values reported for severa lectin monosaccharide interactions, indicating an absence of non-polar interaction of the dansylmoiety of the sugar with the combining region of the protein. Dissociation of the bound N-dansylgalactosamine from its complex with the lectin and cosequent change in its fluorescence on addition of nonfluorescent sugars allowed evaluation of the association constant for competing ligands. The thermodynamic parameters for the binding of monosaccharides suggest that the OH groups at C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-6 in the D-galactose configuration are important loci for interaction with the lectin. The acetamido group at C-2 of 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranose and a methoxyl group at C-1 of methyl-\gamma -Dgalactopyranoside are presumably also involved in binding through nonpolar and van der Waals' interactions. The T-antigenic disaccharide Gal\beta 1\rightarrow 3GalNAc binds very strongly to the lectinw hen compared with methyl-\beta -D-galactopyranoside, the \beta ( 1\rightarrow 3)-linked disaccharides such as Gal\beta 1\rightarrow 3GalNAc, and the \beta (1\rightarrow 4)- linked disaccharides, N-acetyllactosamine andla ctose. The major stabilizing force for the avid binding of Tantigenic disaccharide appears to be a favorable enthalpic contribution. The combining site of the lectin is, therefore, extended. These data takent ogether suggest that the Artocarpus lectin is specific toward the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. There are subtle differences in the overaltlo pography of its combining site when compared with that of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)agglutinin.The results of stopped flow spectrometry for the binding of N-dansylgalactosamine to the Artocarpus lectin are consistent with a simple single-step bimolecular association and unimolecular dissociation rate processes. The value of $K_{+1}$ and $K_{-1}$, at $21 ^oC$ are 8.1 X $10^5 M^{-1} s^{-1}$ and 50 $s^{-1}$, respectively. The activation parameters indicate an enthalpy-controlled association process

Annealing related microstructural developments in a two-phase ZR-2.5 NB alloy

Deformed/pilgered two-phase, 10-15% cubic second phase - rest being primary hexagonal phase, Zr-2.5 Nb alloy was subjected to various annealing treatments treatments ranging from recovery to recrystallization and grain growth. Associated microstructural developments were monitored through combinations of characterization techniques - bulk crystallographic texture & microtexture measurements and estimations of lattice strain and residual stress. Significant texture changes were associated only with grain growth of the primary phase - a process facilitated by second phase coarsening. From nearly continuous presence at the primary phase grain boundaries, latter stages of grain growth had shown coarsened second phase present only at the tri-junctions. This process was associated with significant changes in phase-boundary nature. An effort was made to explain such changes from an 'extended', i. e. extended to phase boundaries, CSL (coincident site lattice) theory