A study to determine the flight characteristics and handling qualitites of variable geometry spacecraft. Volume 3: Low L/D concept with fold-down wings

A study was conducted to determine the flight characteristics and wing deployment transients for a variable geometry spacecraft concept having a hypersonic lift-to-drag ratio near 1.0, and employing fold-down wings. Unpowered flight conditions were considered throughout the study. The body of the spacecraft uses a trapezoidal cross section. The variable geometry wings, stowed in the sides of the vehicle, are deployed at transonic speeds

Extension Bundles and the Standard Model

We construct a new class of stable vector bundles suitable for heterotic string compactifications. Using these we describe a novel way to derive the fermionic matter content of the Standard Model from the heterotic string. For this we compactify on an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold X with two sections, the B-fibration, a variant of the ordinary Weierstrass fibration, which allows X to carry a free involution. We construct rank five vector bundles, invariant under this involution, such that turning on a Wilson line we obtain the Standard Model gauge group and find various three generation models. This rank five bundle is derived from a stable rank four bundle that arises as an extension of bundles pulled-back from the base and twisted by suitable line bundles. We also give an account of various previous results and put the present construction into perspective.Comment: 31 pages, harvmac, references adde

Occurrence of normal and anomalous diffusion in polygonal billiard channels

From extensive numerical simulations, we find that periodic polygonal billiard channels with angles which are irrational multiples of pi generically exhibit normal diffusion (linear growth of the mean squared displacement) when they have a finite horizon, i.e. when no particle can travel arbitrarily far without colliding. For the infinite horizon case we present numerical tests showing that the mean squared displacement instead grows asymptotically as t log t. When the unit cell contains accessible parallel scatterers, however, we always find anomalous super-diffusion, i.e. power-law growth with an exponent larger than 1. This behavior cannot be accounted for quantitatively by a simple continuous-time random walk model. Instead, we argue that anomalous diffusion correlates with the existence of families of propagating periodic orbits. Finally we show that when a configuration with parallel scatterers is approached there is a crossover from normal to anomalous diffusion, with the diffusion coefficient exhibiting a power-law divergence.Comment: 9 pages, 15 figures. Revised after referee reports: redrawn figures, additional comments. Some higher quality figures available at http://www.fis.unam.mx/~dsander

The Topology of Branching Universes

The purpose of this paper is to survey the possible topologies of branching space-times, and, in particular, to refute the popular notion in the literature that a branching space-time requires a non-Hausdorff topology

Entanglement Entropy of Random Fractional Quantum Hall Systems

The entanglement entropy of the $\nu = 1/3$ and $\nu = 5/2$ quantum Hall states in the presence of short range random disorder has been calculated by direct diagonalization. A microscopic model of electron-electron interaction is used, electrons are confined to a single Landau level and interact with long range Coulomb interaction. For very weak disorder, the values of the topological entanglement entropy are roughly consistent with expected theoretical results. By considering a broader range of disorder strengths, the fluctuation in the entanglement entropy was studied in an effort to detect quantum phase transitions. In particular, there is a clear signature of a transition as a function of the disorder strength for the $\nu = 5/2$ state. Prospects for using the density matrix renormalization group to compute the entanglement entropy for larger system sizes are discussed.Comment: 29 pages, 16 figures; fixed figures and figure captions; revised fluctuation calculation

SU(5) Heterotic Standard Model Bundles

We construct a class of stable SU(5) bundles on an elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefold with two sections, a variant of the ordinary Weierstrass fibration, which admits a free involution. The bundles are invariant under the involution, solve the topological constraint imposed by the heterotic anomaly equation and give three generations of Standard Model fermions after symmetry breaking by Wilson lines of the intermediate SU(5) GUT-group to the Standard Model gauge group. Among the solutions we find some which can be perturbed to solutions of the Strominger system. Thus these solutions provide a step toward the construction of phenomenologically realistic heterotic flux compactifications via non-Kahler deformations of Calabi-Yau geometries with bundles. This particular class of solutions involves a rank two hidden sector bundle and does not require background fivebranes for anomaly cancellation.Comment: 17 page

Quantifying Model Complexity via Functional Decomposition for Better Post-Hoc Interpretability

Post-hoc model-agnostic interpretation methods such as partial dependence plots can be employed to interpret complex machine learning models. While these interpretation methods can be applied regardless of model complexity, they can produce misleading and verbose results if the model is too complex, especially w.r.t. feature interactions. To quantify the complexity of arbitrary machine learning models, we propose model-agnostic complexity measures based on functional decomposition: number of features used, interaction strength and main effect complexity. We show that post-hoc interpretation of models that minimize the three measures is more reliable and compact. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of these measures in a multi-objective optimization approach which simultaneously minimizes loss and complexity

Optical properties of the vibrations in charged C60_{60} molecules

The transition strengths for the four infrared-active vibrations of charged C$_{60}$ molecules are evaluated in self-consistent density functional theory using the local density approximation. The oscillator strengths for the second and fourth modes are strongly enhanced relative to the neutral C$_{60}$ molecule, in good agreement with the experimental observation of ``giant resonances'' for those two modes. Previous theory, based on a ``charged phonon'' model, predicted a quadratic dependence of the oscillator strength on doping, but this is not borne out in our calculations.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX3.

Heterotic Standard Model Moduli

In previous papers, we introduced a heterotic standard model and discussed its basic properties. The Calabi-Yau threefold has, generically, three Kahler and three complex structure moduli. The observable sector of this vacuum has the spectrum of the MSSM with one additional pair of Higgs-Higgs conjugate fields. The hidden sector has no charged matter in the strongly coupled string and only minimal matter for weak coupling. Additionally, the spectrum of both sectors will contain vector bundle moduli. The exact number of such moduli was conjectured to be small, but was not explicitly computed. In this paper, we rectify this and present a formalism for computing the number of vector bundle moduli. Using this formalism, the number of moduli in both the observable and strongly coupled hidden sectors is explicitly calculated.Comment: 28 pages, LaTeX; v2: typos corrected, references added; v3: clarifications, references adde