Pengendalian Perubahan Pemanfaatan Lahan Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Di Kabupaten Banyuasin, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan (Untuk Mendukung Program Lumbung Pangan Nasional)

Potensi besar yang dimiliki Kabupaten Banyuasin sebagai sentra pertanian tanaman pangan tidak sejalan dengan program Sumatera Selatan sebagai Lumbung Pangan Nasional, hal ini dikarenakan kegiatan Perubahan pemanfaatan lahan yang semakin marak terjadi di Kabupaten Banyuasin. Oleh karena itu perlunya arahan pengendalian pemanfaatan lahan pertanian tanaman pangan di Kabupaten Banyuasin. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan arahan pengendalian konversi lahan pertanian tanaman pangan yang dilakukan dengan lima tahapan analisis yaitu pengidentifikasian karakteristik Perubahan dengan analisis deskriptif, menganalisis dampak Perubahannya terhadap kapasitas produksi padi dengan analisis deskriptif dan penentuan tipologi Perubahan pemanfaatan lahan digunakan analisis data kuartil. Penentuan faktor yang berpengaruh dengan menggunakan analisis delphi, menganalisis kriteria pengendalian dengan analisis deskriptif dan merumuskan arahan pengendalian Perubahan pemanfaatan lahan pertanian tanaman pangan dengan analisis triangulasi. Jenis Perubahan lahan pertanian terbesar mengarah ke penggunaan perkebunan sebesar 50 % dan permukiman sebesar 30 % dengan laju Perubahan pemanfaatan lahan pertanian tanaman pangan di Kabupaten Banyuasin adalah 19.206 Ha/Tahun. Hal ini berbanding lurus dengan semakin meningkatnya kapasitas produksi tanaman pangan yang hilang sebesar 563.999 Ton dari Tahun 2007-2010. Berdasarkan laju dan dampak konversi lahan tersebut, diketahui tipologi konversi lahan pertanian tanaman pangan, yakni Tipologi I (Kecenderungan dampak dan laju tinggi), Tipologi II (Kecenderungan dampak dan laju sedang), Tipologi III (Kecenderungan dampak dan laju rendah). Ketiga tipologi ini memberikan gambaran karakteristik konversi lahan pertanian tanaman pangan yang terjadi di Kabupaten Banyuasin. Melalui tipologi tersebut dijelaskan bahwa konversi lahan pertanian yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor berikut: perkembangan investasi, perkembangan demografi, implementasi hukum, pengawasan pengendalian lahan pertanian tanaman pangan, potensi hasil pertanian tanaman pangan, produktivitas hasil pertanian tanaman pangan, danperkembangan kota.Arahan pengendalian yang dihasilkan adalah Penerapan Zoning regulation dengan menetapkan Tipologi I menjadi Kawasan Pangan Abadi yang tidak boleh dikonversi,Pemulihan fungsi lahan pertanian tanaman pangan melalui penggantian lahan yang dikonversi di tempat lain (dengan penghitungan luas dan produksi yang seta

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Manajemen Klien pada Paris (Parking Information System)

Paris (Parking Information System) is a information system to deal with parking security and performance. Paris can handle parking transaction with one area one Paris online and offline. It is not efficient anymore if have more than one parking area in far location that cannot connected properly. It must doing update or making report in all parking area. All parking area must be connected and can be communicated. Paris Management Client is a application for connecting all Paris. Offline Paris and online Paris can synchronize data. Member data can distributed in all area with one insert. Not only that, parking member can get parking availability information from Paris Management Client because offline Paris always communicated with online Paris in some interval of time. Paris Management Client developed with waterfall SDLC method. Starts with analysing system's need, then making a system design, coding application, and then testing application. The result is Paris Management Client can help SSI as developer to control all Paris, help client to update data or make report, and help member to get parking's slot easily. recommendation for Paris is develop mobile application for member that can be give information visually, not only text

Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Adipose and Skeletal Muscle Tissue:: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), often caused by smoking, is a chronic lung disease with systemic manifestations including metabolic comorbidities. This study investigates adaptive and pathological alterations in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue following cigarette smoke exposure using in vivo and in vitro models. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or air for 72 days and the pre-adipose cell line 3T3-L1 was utilized as an in vitro model. Cigarette smoke exposure decreased body weight, and the proportional loss in fat mass was more pronounced than the lean mass loss. Cigarette smoke exposure reduced adipocyte size and increased adipocyte numbers. Adipose macrophage numbers and associated cytokine levels, including interleukin-1β, interleukine-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were elevated in smoke-exposed mice. Muscle strength and protein synthesis signaling were decreased after smoke exposure; however, muscle mass was not changed. In vitro studies demonstrated that lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation were upregulated in cigarette smoke-exposed pre-adipocytes. In conclusion, cigarette smoke exposure induces a loss of whole-body fat mass and adipose atrophy, which is likely due to enhanced lipolysis

Human resources for health policies: a critical component in health policies

In the last few years, increasing attention has been paid to the development of health policies. But side by side with the presumed benefits of policy, many analysts share the opinion that a major drawback of health policies is their failure to make room for issues of human resources. Current approaches in human resources suggest a number of weaknesses: a reactive, ad hoc attitude towards problems of human resources; dispersal of accountability within human resources management (HRM); a limited notion of personnel administration that fails to encompass all aspects of HRM; and finally the short-term perspective of HRM. There are three broad arguments for modernizing the ways in which human resources for health are managed: • the central role of the workforce in the health sector; • the various challenges thrown up by health system reforms; • the need to anticipate the effect on the health workforce (and consequently on service provision) arising from various macroscopic social trends impinging on health systems. The absence of appropriate human resources policies is responsible, in many countries, for a chronic imbalance with multifaceted effects on the health workforce: quantitative mismatch, qualitative disparity, unequal distribution and a lack of coordination between HRM actions and health policy needs. Four proposals have been put forward to modernize how the policy process is conducted in the development of human resources for health (HRH): • to move beyond the traditional approach of personnel administration to a more global concept of HRM; • to give more weight to the integrated, interdependent and systemic nature of the different components of HRM when preparing and implementing policy; • to foster a more proactive attitude among human resources (HR) policy-makers and managers; • to promote the full commitment of all professionals and sectors in all phases of the process. The development of explicit human resources policies is a crucial link in health policies and is needed both to address the imbalances of the health workforce and to foster implementation of the health services reforms

Vitamin C and infectious diseases

Non peer reviewe

Effects of a nutritional intervention on impaired behavior and cognitive function in an emphysematous murine model of COPD with endotoxin-induced lung inflammation

One cluster of the extrapulmonary manifestations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is related to the brain, which includes anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Brain-related comorbidities are related to worsening of symptoms and increased mortality in COPD patients. In this study, a murine model of COPD was used to examine the effects of emphysema and repetitive pulmonary inflammatory events on systemic inflammatory outcomes and brain function. In addition, the effect of a dietary intervention on brain-related parameters was assessed. Adult male C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to elastase or vehicle intratracheally (i.t.) once a week on three consecutive weeks. Two weeks after the final administration, mice were i.t. exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle for three times with a 10 day interval. A dietary intervention enriched with omega-3 PUFAs, prebiotic fibers, tryptophan and vitamin D was administered from the first LPS exposure onward. Behavior and cognitive function, the degree of emphysema and both pulmonary and systemic inflammation as well as blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuroinflammation in the brain were assessed. A lower score in the cognitive test was observed in elastase-exposed mice. Mice exposed to elastase plus LPS showed less locomotion in the behavior test. The enriched diet seemed to reduce anxiety-like behavior over time and cognitive impairments associated with the presented COPD model, without affecting locomotion. In addition, the enriched diet restored the disbalance in splenic T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. There was a trend toward recovering elastase plus LPS-induced decreased expression of occludin in brain microvessels, a measure of BBB integrity, as well as improving expression levels of kynurenine pathway markers in the brain by the enriched diet. The findings of this study demonstrate brain-associated comorbidities - including cognitive and behavioral impairments - in this murine model for COPD. Although no changes in lung parameters were observed, exposure to the specific enriched diet in this model appeared to improve systemic immune disbalance, BBB integrity and derailed kynurenine pathway which may lead to reduction of anxiety-like behavior and improved cognition

Mutations affecting the actin regulator WD repeat–containing protein 1 lead to aberrant lymphoid immunity

Background: The actin-interacting protein WD repeat–containing protein 1 (WDR1) promotes cofilin-dependent actin filament turnover. Biallelic WDR1 mutations have been identified recently in an immunodeficiency/autoinflammatory syndrome with aberrant morphology and function of myeloid cells. Objective: Given the pleiotropic expression of WDR1, here we investigated to what extent it might control the lymphoid arm of the immune system in human subjects. Methods: Histologic and detailed immunologic analyses were performed to elucidate the role of WDR1 in the development and function of B and T lymphocytes. Results: Here we identified novel homozygous and compound heterozygous WDR1 missense mutations in 6 patients belonging to 3 kindreds who presented with respiratory tract infections, skin ulceration, and stomatitis. In addition to defective adhesion and motility of neutrophils and monocytes, WDR1 deficiency was associated with aberrant T-cell activation and B-cell development. T lymphocytes appeared to develop normally in the patients, except for the follicular helper T-cell subset. However, peripheral T cells from the patients accumulated atypical actin structures at the immunologic synapse and displayed reduced calcium flux and mildly impaired proliferation on T-cell receptor stimulation. WDR1 deficiency was associated with even more severe abnormalities of the B-cell compartment, including peripheral B-cell lymphopenia, paucity of B-cell progenitors in the bone marrow, lack of switched memory B cells, reduced clonal diversity, abnormal B-cell spreading, and increased apoptosis on B-cell receptor/Toll-like receptor stimulation. Conclusion: Our study identifies a novel role for WDR1 in adaptive immunity, highlighting WDR1 as a central regulator of actin turnover during formation of the B-cell and T-cell immunologic synapses

From staff-mix to skill-mix and beyond: towards a systemic approach to health workforce management

Throughout the world, countries are experiencing shortages of health care workers. Policy-makers and system managers have developed a range of methods and initiatives to optimise the available workforce and achieve the right number and mix of personnel needed to provide high-quality care. Our literature review found that such initiatives often focus more on staff types than on staff members' skills and the effective use of those skills. Our review describes evidence about the benefits and pitfalls of current approaches to human resources optimisation in health care. We conclude that in order to use human resources most effectively, health care organisations must consider a more systemic approach - one that accounts for factors beyond narrowly defined human resources management practices and includes organisational and institutional conditions