How Judgments Change Following Comparison of Current and Prior Information

Although much observed judgment change is superficial and occurs without considering prior information, other forms of change also occur. Comparison between prior and new information about an issue may trigger change by influencing either or both the perceived strength and direction of the new information. In four experiments, participants formed and reported initial judgments of a policy based on favorable written information about it. Later, these participants read a second passage containing strong favorable or unfavorable information on the policy. Compared to control conditions, subtle and direct prompts to compare the initial and new information led to more judgment change in the direction of a second passage perceived to be strong. Mediation analyses indicated that comparison yielded greater perceived strength of the second passage, which in turn correlated positively with judgment change. Moreover, self-reports of comparison mediated the judgment change resulting from comparison prompts

ABUSO DE PODER POLICIAL

El presente trabajo de investigación busca registrar los estudios que se han publicado sobre el abuso de poder policial en Iberoamérica, para ello se ingresó a la base de datos Redalyc y se revisaron las revistas de Psicología que se encontraban en dicha plataforma. Este estudio, ubicado dentro de las investigaciones teóricas, sigue un procedimiento sistemático el cual permitió seleccionar información pertinente sobre el abuso de poder policial. Se encontraron 6 artículos que están relacionados con dicho constructo. Los aspectos teóricos y metodológicos de los artículos registrados fueron analizados e ingresados a una ficha de Excel para sistematizar los datos obtenidos de cada uno que son objeto de discusión en la parte final de la investigación

L-glutamate: A Key Amino Acid For Sensory And Metabolic Functions

El ácido glutámico como tal o en su forma ionizada L-glutamato (GLU) es uno de los aminoácidos más abundantes en la naturaleza debido a que cumple funciones importantes a nivel celular y sistémico. En el intestino y el hígado, por ejemplo, el GLU constituye fuente de energía y es precursor de moléculas de relevancia biológica. Mientras que en el sistema nervioso central de los mamíferos actúa como neurotransmisor excitatorio, debido a la interacción con receptores específicos distribuidos en el cerebro. Además al GLU se le ha relacionado con la potenciación a corto y largo plazo de la memoria y el aprendizaje. Por otro lado, el consumo de GLU o de su sal monosódica (GMS) como aditivo alimentario genera el gusto umami, palabra japonesa que significa sabroso. El consumo de GMS ha sido considerado seguro por diferentes organizaciones que evalúan la inocuidad de uso de los aditivos alimentarios, razón por la cual han establecido una ingesta diaria admisible (IDA) "no especificada" y lo clasifican como un ingrediente reconocido como seguro o sustancia GRAS (por sus siglas en inglés, Generally Recognized Safe Substance). En esta revisión se presentan los aspectos del metabolismo del GLU, su papel en la degustación de los alimentos y la inocuidad del uso del GMS66210111

Increasing condom use in heterosexual men: development of a theory-based interactive digital intervention

Increasing condom use to prevent sexually transmitted infections is a key public health goal. Interventions are more likely to be effective if they are theory- and evidence-based. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) provides a framework for intervention development. To provide an example of how the BCW was used to develop an intervention to increase condom use in heterosexual men (the MenSS website), the steps of the BCW intervention development process were followed, incorporating evidence from the research literature and views of experts and the target population. Capability (e.g. knowledge) and motivation (e.g. beliefs about pleasure) were identified as important targets of the intervention. We devised ways to address each intervention target, including selecting interactive features and behaviour change techniques. The BCW provides a useful framework for integrating sources of evidence to inform intervention content and deciding which influences on behaviour to target

Childbearing intentions in a low fertility context: the case of Romania

This paper applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to find out the predictors of fertility intentions in Romania, a low-fertility country. We analyse how attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control relate to the intention to have a child among childless individuals and one-child parents. Principal axis factor analysis confirms which items proposed by the Generation and Gender Survey (GGS 2005) act as valid and reliable measures of the suggested theoretical socio-psychological factors. Four parity-specific logistic regression models are applied to evaluate the relationship between the socio-psychological factors and childbearing intentions. Social pressure emerges as the most important aspect in fertility decision-making among childless individuals and one-child parents, and positive attitudes towards childbearing are a strong component in planning for a child. This paper also underlines the importance of the region-specific factors when studying childbearing intentions: planning for the second child significantly differs among the development regions, representing the cultural and socio-economic divisions of the Romanian territory

Continuous measurements of soil radon under regular field conditions

Continuous soil radon measurements were performed in the frame of an EU-radon network using the Clipperton II detector. It has been found that in some periods, soil radon levels obtained with one Clipperton II probe are very different from those obtained with another probe placed at the same depth but a short distance apart. Sudden fluctuations of soil radon levels in a given site have been observed as well. To determine whether this behaviour corresponds to the nature of radon gas in the soil or to the detection technique, various experiments have been performed. It has been observed that when different detectors are exposed at the same regular field conditions, their discrepancy is lower than 11%. When the soil radon concentration is approximately constant, the statistical fluctuations of the Clipperton probes are lower than 15%. The application of the Fourier-filtering algorithm to the rough data, removing all frequency components smaller than 1/24 h21 , has led to a complete correlation between different Clipperton II probes. The time response of the probes has been investigated in a specific experiment at the laboratory. It has been found that the response of the probes to a sudden change of radon concentration is controlled by the diffusion process along the bottom tube of the probe. Therefore, this study shows that the experimental data can be attributed to the natural behaviour of soil radon

Author Correction: A consensus-based transparency checklist.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

A statistical system management method to tackle data uncertainty when using key performance indicators of the balanced scorecard

[EN] This work is focused on the development of a graphical method using statistical non-parametric tests for randomness and parametric tests to detect significant trends and shifts in key performance indicators from balanced scorecards. It provides managers and executives with a tool to determine if processes are improving or decaying. The method tackles the hitherto unresolved problem of data uncertainty due to sample size for key performance indicators on scorecards. The method has been developed and applied in a multinational manufacturing company using scorecard data from two complete years as a case study approach to test validity and effectiveness.Sánchez-Márquez, R.; Albarracín Guillem, JM.; Vicens Salort, E.; Jabaloyes Vivas, JM. (2018). A statistical system management method to tackle data uncertainty when using key performance indicators of the balanced scorecard. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 48:166-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.07.010S1661794