IN VITRO EFFICACY TESTING OF NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA) EXTRACT AGAINST AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

Objective: To experiment the antimicrobial susceptibility of crude extract from neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Methods: Through the water extraction method, the aqueous crude extract of neem leaves were obtained. Separate colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens were isolated and identified on different agars. Agar cup diffusion method was done to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of the neem leaves crude extract against those bacteria on Mueller-Hinton agar. Susceptibility was determined based on the zone of inhibition formed on the agar of each bacterium culture. Result: Neem was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens. It was not effective against Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Neem extract has some promisable antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens causative bacterial infections

Inner-Shell Water Rearrangement Following Photoexcitation of Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)iron(II)

The solvent dynamics in Fe-tris-bipyridine [Fe(bpy)3](2+) upon electronic excitation (oxidation) and subsequent relaxation is followed on the picosecond time scale by using atomistic simulations. Starting from the low spin (LS) Fe(II)LS state the transition to the excited Fe(III) (1,3)MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) state decreases the water coordination in immediate proximity of the central iron atom. This readjustment of the solvent shell occurs on the subpicosecond time scale. Full relaxation of the water environment would occur on the 10 ps time scale which is, however, never reached as the lifetime of the (1,3)MLCT state is only 200 fs. Further relaxation toward the long-lived (665 ps) [Fe(II)HS(bpy)3] high spin (HS) state does not change the degree of solvation. The results support a model in which the change in the degree of solvation is driven by electronic effects (charge redistribution) and not by structural changes (change in bond lengths). Furthermore, the results are consistent with recent combined X-ray emission (XES) and X-ray diffusion (XDS) scattering experiments which provided evidence for a reduced solvent density upon excitation of the [Fe(II)LS(bpy)3] initial state. However, the time scale for water exchange dynamics is faster than that found in the experiments

A rare case report of massive ovarian edema

Massive ovarian oedema is a benign ovarian pathology occurs due to partial ovarian torsion and blockage of lymphatic drainage of the ovary. Commonly presents with pain abdomen on and off or abnormal uterine bleeding. Here we report a case of 15 years old girl with spotting per vaginum for 45 days. On examination, revealed 28 weeks size mass arising from pelvis. On further evaluation and blood works, proceeded with surgical management. Histopathological examination revealed benign massive ovarian oedema. However, it’s important to know differential diagnosis for solid ovarian tumours

An Attempt to Improve Data Security in Text Based Cryptosystem Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Data can be debilitated by hackers and spies. Cryptography helps us find better approaches to secure information in digital form. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is favorable over numerous cryptographic systems because of smaller keys and quick key generation. This paper proposes a system which intends to provide multifold security in text based communication. The system has two main modules: encryption, and decryption. Encoding scheme which works on variable length text block mapping technique has been exhibited, thereby enhancing data security provided by ECC in text based cryptosystems. To leverage the advantages of ECC, it is being used in many applications. This papers attempts to utilize ECC in text based cryptosystems efficiently

Taxi Ride Based on Voice Alert System

Previous applications are not well efficient as they provide voice alerts only for the tagged locations whereas in this application voice alerts are given for any location to the user, in terms of time and distance. It would be useful even when we are out of home language/place. It is an integration of Google Maps and voice Alert. In this application, once the cab is booked it gives voice alert to the user about its current location and time it would reach the user\u27s location. This application also allows the user to know about the required nearby locations. The user can also pin any new landmark for their personal USAge into Google maps

Synthesis and preclinical validation of novel P2Y1 receptor ligands as a potent anti-prostate cancer agent.

Purinergic receptor is a potential drug target for neuropathic pain, Alzheimer disease, and prostate cancer. Focusing on the structure-based ligand discovery, docking analysis on the crystal structure of P2

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of samples from pediatric febrile illness in Tororo, Uganda.

Febrile illness is a major burden in African children, and non-malarial causes of fever are uncertain. In this retrospective exploratory study, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to evaluate serum, nasopharyngeal, and stool specimens from 94 children (aged 2-54 months) with febrile illness admitted to Tororo District Hospital, Uganda. The most common microbes identified were Plasmodium falciparum (51.1% of samples) and parvovirus B19 (4.4%) from serum; human rhinoviruses A and C (40%), respiratory syncytial virus (10%), and human herpesvirus 5 (10%) from nasopharyngeal swabs; and rotavirus A (50% of those with diarrhea) from stool. We also report the near complete genome of a highly divergent orthobunyavirus, tentatively named Nyangole virus, identified from the serum of a child diagnosed with malaria and pneumonia, a Bwamba orthobunyavirus in the nasopharynx of a child with rash and sepsis, and the genomes of two novel human rhinovirus C species. In this retrospective exploratory study, mNGS identified multiple potential pathogens, including 3 new viral species, associated with fever in Ugandan children