Uso abusivo de aditivos alimentares e transtornos de comportamento: há uma relação?

Introduction: Food additive is any ingredient added without the purpose of nurturing, employed during any stage of food production to modify physical, chemical, biological or sensory features. The earliest record of its use was in ancient Egyptian’s papyri, about 1500 BC. Spices were used to turn meals more attractive. The consumption of these elements has intensified considerably - in the last 50 years it increased 500% - and, therefore, doubts about their safety have emerged. There is contradiction between studies and their pathological effects, but those who demonstrate pathological effects highlight the behavioral disorders as the most relevant. Objective: To identify if there is any risk in the use of food additives relative to behavior disorders. Methods: A systematic review of literature between 2000 and 2015, using the databases SciELO, PubMed, Lilacs, MedLine was performed. The methodological evaluation of the articles was implemented using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A total of 13 articles were included in this review. Results: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most prevalent behavioral disorder. Children appear as a vulnerable group because of the potential consumption of food containing additives, especially dyes, and also because of the immaturity of their immune and digestive systems. Discussion: Many studies not only correlate food additives to behavioral disorders but also consider their removal from the diet as a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of hyperactive behavior. Conclusion: In Brazil, the relationship between food additives and behavioral disorders was not yet investigated. Besides, there seem to be a negative influence of existing research results, often distorted by the industry, which masks the amount of additives used. However, the effects on the consumption of these ingredients can no longer be ignored, and this study should provide data for the design of food and nutrition strategies, to protect the population and to promote public health

Heidelberg coping scales for delusions: psychometric evaluation of an expert rating instrument

Background: Coping is of substantial relevance in the treatment and course of psychiatric disorders. Standardized instruments to assess coping with psychotic symptoms, particularly delusions, are rare. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a new instrument to assess coping strategies in the context of delusional experiences: the Heidelberg Coping Scales for Delusions (HCSD). Methods: Two hundred and twelve inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective disorders currently experiencing delusions were interviewed with the HCSD and other coping assessment instruments. Psychometric properties and factor structure were analyzed. Results: The HCSD showed good inter-rater reliability and convergent validity. Factor analysis yielded an interpretable structure with five factors: resource-oriented coping, medical care, distraction, cognitive coping, and depressive coping. Symptomatic behavior, due to its particular characteristics, was considered apart. Conclusion: The HCSD is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of coping strategies in patients with delusions. Further research is needed to evaluate coping changes over time and their influence on treatment and clinical outcomes. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base

Naturwissenschaft im Kindergarten : Ein Forschungsprojekt zur Evaluierung der Spürnasenecke

(VLID)339983

Perinatal depression, childhood adverse experiences and inflammation: a scoping review

Perinatal depression is defined as a depressive episode with onset in the peripartum period, when symptoms should emerge during pregnancy or within four weeks after birth. One major risk factor for perinatal depression is maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE), which predict depressive symptoms during pregnancy, the postpartum period, and throughout the perinatal period. Also, studies have demonstrated that psychiatric symptoms are correlated with elevated inflammation, with depressed patients exhibiting higher concentrations of proinflammatory biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature on ACEs, perinatal depression, and inflammation

Psychometric evaluation of the characteristics of delusions rating scale as an expert rating scale

Research suggests delusions may be better viewed as multidimensional rather than dichotomous phenomena. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a German version of the Characteristics of Delusions Rating Scale (CDRS) as an expert rating scale

Psychometric evaluation of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales

The aims of this study were to examine the psychometric properties of a German version of the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS) in a sample of patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders and affective disorders with delusions and to validate subscales of the PSYRATS with other ratings of psychotic symptoms

Eutanásia e suicídio assistido em países ocidentais: revisão sistemática

Resumo Em 2015 a temática da morte assistida foi amplamente divulgada pela mídia após o primeiro caso legal de eutanásia ter sido realizado na Colômbia. Além disso, no mesmo ano, o suicídio assistido foi legalizado no Canadá e no estado da Califór.nia, nos Estados Unidos. Atualmente, a morte assistida é permitida em quatro países da Europa Ocidental: Holanda, Bélgica, Luxemburgo e Suíça; em dois países norte-americanos: Canadá e Estados Unidos, nos estados de Oregon, Washington, Montana, Vermont e Califórnia; e na Colômbia, único representante da América do Sul. A partir de revisão sistemática da literatura, objetivou-se estabelecer a prevalência e os critérios adotados para a prática da eutanásia e do suicídio assistido em países ocidentais e discutir a posição de países onde essa prática não é reconhecida. Uma melhor compreensão do assunto mostra-se fundamental para a formação de opiniões e fomento de futuros debates