Immigrants’ attitudes towards homosexuality: Socialisation, religion and acculturation in European host societies

Attitudes towards homosexuality have changed substantially in many countries, but vast differences remain globally, especially along religious lines. Many immigrants to Europe originate from countries with greater opposition to homosexuality, and it is examined here to what extent this influences their attitudes, and whether changes occur within and across generations. Using European Social Survey data, this study shows that socialisation in the origin country impacts attitudes long after migration, but that acculturation takes place both within the first generation and for the children of migrants. Evidence also shows that religious differences especially in relation to Muslim immigrants are persistent across generations

Attitudes towards homosexuality amongst recent Polish Migrants in Western Europe: migrant selectivity and attitude change

This contribution investigates the attitudes towards homosexuality of newly arrived immigrants from Poland in two Western European countries; Ireland and the Netherlands, with a particular interest in how these attitudes develop over time after migration. Polish natives are on average less accepting of homosexuality than those of these two host countries. First, we infer from comparisons between migrants and non-migrants residing in the origin country whether a selection effect of migrants with a more liberal attitude exists. We find that there is evidence for selective out-migration that remains when controlling for pre-migration characteristics. Second, using data collected shortly after arrival of immigrants and from a second wave one and a half years later in the host country, we show whether immigrants adapt to the norms of the host country and to what extent they maintain the dominant attitudes of the origin country. We find that attitudinal changes after migration are associated with the level of social integration in the host country and maintenance of religious involvement

Low expectations or different evaluations – What explains immigrants’ high levels of trust in host country institutions?

Several recent studies show that immigrants exhibit higher levels of trust in public institutions than natives. This study uses pooled data from the European Social Survey to examine possible reasons for this ‘over-confidence’ of immigrants, arguing that it is largely the relatively lower expectations of immigrants from countries with poorer institutional performance that account for this difference. The eminent role of expectations is also underscored by the finding that low social standing matters less for the level of trust of immigrants than it does for natives. The ‘frame of reference effect’ weakens over time and with increased acculturation in the country of residence, suggesting that expectations are less strongly based on experiences in the country of origin the better integrated an immigrant is in the country of residence. A small part of immigrants’ higher trust levels overall and some of the dual frames of reference effect are also explained by the more conservative value orientations of immigrants from countries with lower political stability, who appear to regard stability and conformity more highly, which in turn is associated with higher levels of institutional trust

Are they acculturating? Europe’s immigrants and gender egalitarianism

A substantial share of Europe’s population consists of immigrants and the children of immigrants. Using European Social Survey data, this study examines whether the gender egalitarian values of immigrants are shaped by the gender relations in their origin country and whether they adapt their values to the standards of their residence country. The analyses show that immigrants originating from countries with very inegalitarian gender relations support gender equality less than members of mainstream society. However, immigrants adapt their gender ideology to the standards of their residence country, and the origin context loses force over time. Both, acculturation within the first generation and acculturation across the generations play a role; but women tend to ‘assimilate’ within the first generation and more thoroughly than men

From labour migrant to stay-at-home mother? Childcare and return to work among migrant mothers from the EU Accession countries in Ireland

Previous research on the labour market integration of migrants from EU Accession countries has primarily viewed migrants as individual economic actors, despite their increasing role in family formation. In this contribution, mothers’ return to work after birth is analysed using data from the Irish childhood prospective cohort study Growing Up in Ireland. Families from the Accession countries appear to have little access to nonparental childcare or the support of extended family, which is an important resource for their Irish peers. Fewer EU Accession mothers return to paid work at the end of maternity leave, and are more likely to juggle work and childcare without support. Structural reasons as well as preferences are considered as potential explanations to develop a better understanding of how migrant status impacts on work and childcare decisions

WhatsApp? Opportunities and Challenges in the Use of a Messaging App as a Qualitative Research Tool

This article evaluates the use of the popular Mobile Messaging App (MMA) WhatsApp as a way to conduct qualitative research with geographically dispersed samples. Through the use of a case study of Latino expat-wives around the globe, we show how traditional methods of qualitative interviewing were adapted and evolved through the use of this application. Findings suggest that WhatsApp is a valuable tool for conducting qualitative research with specific advantages over other MMAs and VoIPs due to its familiarity amongst the target group and its flexible blending of video, audio, and written forms of communication. Particularly its use on smartphones led to interactions that went beyond regular face-to-face interviews, thus allowing us access normally only gained in ethnography studies. While this can be a gain in terms of building rapport and increase the depth of data collection, it also brings new challenges in terms of ensuring data quality, interpreting non-verbal cues and ensuring high ethical standards

A cautionary note on thermal runaway reactions in mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids and N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide

Nicht verfügbarN-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) cannot be completely separated by extraction from mixtures with common 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) due to strong ionic interactions between the two components. At elevated temperatures, above approx. 90 C, especially under dry conditions and in the presence of acid, alkylating or acylating agents, remaining NMMO in ILs tends to undergo autocatalytic degradation. This is a highly exothermic, unstoppable process that results in explosions, flames, and complete charring of the reaction mixtures. Thus, caution must be exercised when drying or heating ILs that were in previous contact with NMMO, and the absence of amine oxide must be confirmed to avoid potential danger.(VLID)192930

AB-QTL analysis in winter wheat: II. Genetic analysis of seedling and field resistance against leaf rust in a wheat advanced backcross population

The present study aimed to localize exotic quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles for the improvement of leaf rust (P.triticina) resistance in an advanced backcross (AB) population, B22, which is derived from a cross between the winter wheat cultivar Batis (Triticumaestivum) and the synthetic wheat accession Syn022L. The latter was developed from hybridization of T.turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and T.tauschii. Altogether, 250 BC2F3 lines of B22 were assessed for seedling resistance against the leaf rust isolate 77WxR under controlled conditions. In addition, field resistance against leaf rust was evaluated by assessing symptom severity under natural infestation across multiple environments. Simultaneously, population B22 was genotyped with a total of 97 SSR markers, distributed over the wheat A, B and D genomes. The phenotype and genotype data were subjected to QTL analysis by applying a 3-factorial mixed model analysis of variance including the marker genotype as a fixed effect and the environments, the lines and the marker by environment interactions as random effects. The QTL analysis revealed six putative QTLs for seedling resistance and seven for field resistance. For seedling resistance, the effects of exotic QTL alleles improved resistance at all detected loci. The maximum decrease of disease symptoms (−46.3%) was associated with marker locus Xbarc149 on chromosome 1D. For field resistance, two loci had stable main effects across environments and five loci exhibited marker by environment interaction effects. The strongest effects were detected at marker locus Xbarc149 on chromosome 1D, at which the exotic allele decreased seedling symptoms by 46.3% and field symptoms by 43.6%, respectively. Some of the detected QTLs co-localized with known resistance genes, while others appear to be as novel resistance loci. Our findings indicate, that the exotic wheat accession Syn022L may be useful for the improvement of leaf rust resistance in cultivated wheat

Attitudes towards homosexuality amongst recent Polish Migrants in Western Europe: migrant selectivity and attitude change

This contribution investigates the attitudes towards homosexuality of newly arrived immigrants from Poland in two Western European countries; Ireland and the Netherlands, with a particular interest in how these attitudes develop over time after migration. Polish natives are on average less accepting of homosexuality than those of these two host countries. First, we infer from comparisons between migrants and non-migrants residing in the origin country whether a selection effect of migrants with a more liberal attitude exists. We find that there is evidence for selective out-migration that remains when controlling for pre-migration characteristics. Second, using data collected shortly after arrival of immigrants and from a second wave one and a half years later in the host country, we show whether immigrants adapt to the norms of the host country and to what extent they maintain the dominant attitudes of the origin country. We find that attitudinal changes after migration are associated with the level of social integration in the host country and maintenance of religious involvement