Effects of physical warm-up on the attention of adolescent students

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of two different types of physical warm-up on selective attention (AS) and concentration of physical education (PE) students. Warm-up was used as a tool for this optimization; different variables were applied to compare their effects on students' attention and concentration. Attention is a frequently studied variable that is associated with success in different settings including academic and sports. The participants of this study were 160 students (77 girls and 83 boys), who were between 12 and 17 years old. The students were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 106) and a control group (n = 54). As a study procedure, an experimental group (n = 55) performed a physical warm-up based on 10 min of repetitive exercises of moderate intensity that were directed by a direct command and had low cognitive demands. The other group (n = 51) performed a physical warm-up of equal duration and intensity; however, the warm-up was based on an open and playful task with many stimuli and a high need for fast decision-making. Then, the D2 test was used to observe students' attention and concentration. The obtained results showed no significant differences in attention and concentration according to the type of performed warm-up (p > .05). However, differences were observed in the effects of these cognitive functions with respect to other variables such as sex, age, or school year (p < .05). The lack of effectiveness in testing the proposed warm-ups suggests the need to continue experimenting with different variables (e.g., volume, intensity, teaching style, and stimuli) to determine their possible effects on students' attentional capacities.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of sports science students: what are their determinant variables?

Entrepreneurship is a key factor in sports due to the globalization and increase in competitiveness in the actual labour market. Therefore, it is important to understand entrepreneurial behaviour and distinguish between the two possible types, intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship, because both should be promoted. However, while studies on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students are a consolidated area of study, little is still known about intrapreneurial intentions. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to discover the determinant variables of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of sports science students. For that reason, a sample of 183 senior-level sports science students, 23.60% female and 76.40% male with ages ranging between 20 and 41 years old (M = 22.56; SD = 2.70) was analysed. The results showed that the determinant variables of these two types of entrepreneurial behaviour are totally different. In the case of entrepreneurial intentions, the attitude towards behaviour and the perceived behaviour control were the significant determinants, while in the case of intrapreneurial intentions, the entrepreneurial abilities, subjective norm and age were the main determinants. To summarise, the educational university policies used to enhance the entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of sports science students should be different. Finally, to address this issue, some practical implications were presented.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Efecto de la raza y la edad sobre las concentraciones de hormonas tiroideas t3 y t4 de bovinos en condiciones tropicales

Para estudiar el efecto en condiciones de trópico seco de la edad y del grupo racial sobre las concentraciones séricas de las hormonas tiroideas T3 y T4, se muestrearon 158 animales de los grupos raciales Holstein, Lucerna, Hartón del Valle, Cebú Brahman y mestizo F1 (Cebú Brahman x Pardo Suizo), distribuidos en cuatro grupos de edad desde el nacimiento hasta el destete (8 meses). La concentración media de T3 fue 2.25 mmol/L y la de T4, 57.37 mmol/L. La correlación entre T3 y T4 fue de 0.53. Se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa para el efecto grupo racial, grupo de edad (P and lt;0.001) pero no para la interacción grupo racial x edad (p=0.286). Los grupos raciales con concentraciones más elevadas fueron Holstein y Lucerna; la concentración más baja se presentó en los bovinos mestizos. La mayor concentración de hormonas tiroideas según la edad ocurrió en recién nacidos, luego descendió progresiva y linealmente. El trabajo encontró que en condiciones de trópico seco, en zona límite de termoneutralidad según el índice ITH, los bovinos jóvenes presentanron diferencias marcadas en las concentraciones de hormonas tiroideas.Palabras claves: Adaptación; Bovinos; Crecimiento; Tiroides.To study the effect of age and breed on blood concentration of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 under the dry tropic conditions, 158 animals from the groups Holstein, Lucerna, Hartón del Valle, Brahman and crossbred F1 Brahman x Brown Swiss were sampled. The animals were allocated in four age groups from newborns calves until eight month old. The average T3 concentration was of 2.25 mmolL-¹ and the T4 was of 57.37 mmolL-¹. The correlation between T3 and T4 was of 0.53. A statistical significant difference (p and lt;0.001) was found for the effects of age breed and group, but not difference was found for the interaction between breed and age (p=0.286). The breeds with higher blood concentrations of T3 and T4 were Holstein and Lucerna. The lowest concentration was found among the crossbred group. The higher concentration of T3 and T4 of thyroid hormones was found in the newborn group. As the calves grow, the concentrations of T3 and T4 decrease progressively. This study found that under dry tropic conditions, in a thermo-neutral borderline zone (according to the THI index) the young bovines show clear differences in the concentration of the thyroid hormones.Key words: Adaptation; Bovine; Growth; Thyroids

Daño neurológico en infecciones por SARS-CoV-2: Neurological damage in SARS-CoV-2 infections

The current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has severely impacted the economy and health care system in more than 180 countries around the world in an unprecedented event, which since its inception has resulted in countless case reports focusing on the potentially fatal systemic and respiratory manifestations of the disease. However, the full extent of possible neurological manifestations caused by this new virus is not yet known. Understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the nervous system is essential to assessing likely short- and long-term pathologic consequences. This review seeks to gather and discuss evidence on the occurrence of neurological manifestations and/or nervous system involvement in SARS- CoV-2 infected patients.La actual pandemia producida por el coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2), ha impactado gravemente la economía y el sistema de salud en más de 190 países de todo el mundo en un evento sin precedentes, que desde su inicio ha dado lugar a innumerables informes de casos centrados en las manifestaciones sistémicas y respiratorias potencialmente mortales de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, aún no se conoce por completo el alcance de las posibles manifestaciones neurológicas causadas por este 2 nuevo virus. Comprender la interacción del SARS-CoV-2 con el sistema nervioso es esencial para evaluar las probables consecuencias patológicas a corto y largo plazo. Esta revisión busca reunir y discutir la evidencia sobre la ocurrencia de manifestaciones neurológicas y/o compromiso del sistema nervioso en pacientes infectados con SARS- CoV-2

Physical Education Teachers’ Perceived Digital Competences: Are They Prepared for the Challenges of the New Digital Age?

The development of information and communication technologies impose great changes that require teachers to be constantly updated. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze the Digital Competence perceived by teachers and their ability to use digital devices in the classroom. The aim of this study is to investigate the technological resources and difficulties that Physical Education teachers have in schools, in addition to the training and methodological strategies required to adequately teach Physical Education classes in present times. For this, through a previously validated survey, we will observe the Digital Competence of teachers and whether there are differences between genders, according to age and teaching experience. A survey has been undertaken by 50 Physical Education teachers of secondary school students. The results show statistically significant differences according to teaching experience and age. In addition, younger teachers have a better perception of their ability to apply Digital Competence in the Physical Education classroom setting.Educació