Schiff Base Complexes and their Assemblies on Surfaces

Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes are of significant current interest even though they have been prepared for decades. They have been used in various applications such as catalysis, corrosion protection, and molecular sensors. In this study, N-aryl Schiff base ketimine ligands as well as numerous new, differently substituted salen and salophen-type ligands and their cobalt(II), copper(II), iron(II), manganese(II), and nickel(II) complexes were synthesised. New solid state structures of the above compounds and the dioxygen coordination properties of cobalt(II) complexes and catalytic properties of three synthesised binuclear complexes were examined. The prepared complexes were applied in the formation of self-assembled layers on a polycrystalline gold surface and liquid-graphite interface. The effect of metal ion and ligand structure on the as-formed patterns was studied. When studying gold surfaces, a unique thiol-assisted dissolution of elemental gold was observed and a new thin gold foil preparation method was introduced. In the summary, synthesis, structures, and properties of Schiff base ligands and their transition metal complexes are described in detail and the applications of these reviewed. Assemblies of other complexes on a liquid-graphite interface and on a gold surface are also presented, and the surface characterisation methods and surfaces employed are described.Väitoskirjatyö käsittelee Schiffin emäksiä ja niiden siirtymämetallikomplekseja, jotka ovat edelleen ajankohtaisia ja suuren kiinnostuksen kohteena. Niiden uusimpia sovelluskohteita ovat muun muassa korroosionesto ja molekyylitason sensorit. Tässä työssä valmistettiin N-aryyliketimiini ligandeja sekä monia eritavoin substituoituja salen- ja salofeeniligandeja ja niiden koboltti(II), kupari(II), rauta(II), mangaani(II) ja nikkeli(II) komplekseja. Lisäksi työssä määritettiin valmistettujen yhdisteiden kiderakenteita sekä tutkittiin kobolttikompleksien hapensitomisominaisuuksia ja kolmen valmistetun binukleaarisen metallikompleksin katalyyttisia ominaisuuksia. Valmistettuja komplekseja käytettiin itsejärjestäytyvien molekyylikerrosten muodostamiseen monikiteiselle kultapinnalle ja neste-grafiitti rajapinnalle. Kiinnostuksen kohteena oli metalli-ionin ja ligandirakenteen vaikutus muodostuneisiin pintarakenteisiin. Väitöskirjatyössä havaittiin tioli-käsittelyn johtavan aiemmin tuntemattomaan alkuainekullan liukenemiseen ja samalla löydettiin ainutlaatuinen, uusi tapa valmistaa kultaohutkalvoja

Case of three Scrum teams: Agile software development methods at Nokia - The people perspective

Case of three Scrum teams: Agile software development methods at Nokia - The people perspectiv

Conventional Nanoindentation in Self-Assembled Monolayers Deposited on Gold and Silver Substrates

Peer reviewe

Minne uudet työpaikat syntyivät vuonna 2019?

Analyysissa käsitellään uusien työpaikkojen syntyä Suomessa toimipaikkojen tasolla vuonna 2019. Uuden työpaikan syntymistä vertaillaan muista syistä eli poistumasta tai vaihtuvuudesta johtuvaan korvausrekrytointiin. Työllisyys kasvoi vuositasolla 26 000 hengellä vuoden 2018 tasoon verrattuna. Toimipaikat hakivat vuoden 2019 aikana yli 764 000 työntekijää, mikä on tähänastinen ennätysmäärä. Myös työvoimapulan määrä, liki 65 000 henkilöä, on ennätyksellinen. Uusia työpaikkoja syntyi 333 000, joka jää hieman jälkeen vuoden 2018 ennätystasosta

Metallization of self-assembled organic monolayer surfaces by Pd nanocluster deposition

A condensation-cell-type cluster aggregation source was used to deposit Pd clusters on the self-assembled monolayers of four different types of organic molecules. Mica slides covered by Au (111) were coated with self assembled monolayer films of n-dodecanethiol, 4-mercaptopyridine, dimethyldithiocarbamate, and diethyldithiocarbamate, and the behaviour of Pd clusters on these surfaces, as well as on the bare Au (111) surface, was characterized using scanning tunnelling microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The aim of this study was to present an alternative means for the metallization of organic layers, through the use of preformed clusters that, unlike single adatoms, are less likely to penetrate the organic layer and cause unwanted interfacial layers or short circuits, and deduce its suitability for the various types of organic self-assembled monolayers. Our experimental results indicate that all of the studied self-assembled monolayers are impenetrable for Pd clusters deposited at thermal energies. Contrary to most methods of metallization, Pd cluster deposition therefore provides an efficient means of growing metal overlayers on organic self-assembled monolayers.Peer reviewe

Minne uudet työpaikat syntyivät vuonna 2020?

Analyysissa käsitellään uusien työpaikkojen syntyä Suomessa toimipaikkojen tasolla vuonna 2020. Uusien työpaikkojen syntyyn liittyvät mekanismit ovat pysyneet pitkälti ennallaan, mutta uusia työvoimaryhmiä on rekrytoitu edelleen hankalassa työvoiman saatavuustilanteessa. ​Raportin keskeiset analyysit perustuvat yli 8 300 toimipaikan vastauksiin, jotka edustavat painotettuna yli 156 000 toimipaikkaa

Saunascape in the Nexus of Socio-Material Sauna Bathing Practices

In this paper, we introduce the concept of saunascape. To that end, we explore what kind of socio-material practices are carried out within sauna bathing, and thereby discover the elements of saunascape. We focus on interrelated practices of sauna bathing and address the agentic capacity of saunascape as it structures these practices. The data were generated through interviews that took place in sauna departments at five different hotels in Finland. In total, 39 informants participated in interviews. The findings show four interconnected socio-material practices relating to sauna bathing: purification, nostalgization, medicalization and democratization. As saunascape emerges in the nexus of these practices, its spatially-constructed elements (places, people, meanings and material processes) appear connected to practices. The study participates in discussions in which the spatiality and non-human agency in consumption practices are evolved. Furthermore, it showcases an example of how an understudied cultural-historical phenomenon may be linked to modern consumption trends.©2020 Consumer culture theory consortium.fi=vertaisarvioimaton|en=nonPeerReviewed

Diagnostic and Prognostic Comparison of Immune-Complex-Mediated Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis and C3 Glomerulopathy

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is subdivided into immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (IC-MPGN) and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G). Classically, MPGN has a membranoproliferative-type pattern, but other morphologies have also been described depending on the time course and phase of the disease. Our aim was to explore whether the two diseases are truly different, or merely represent the same disease process. All 60 eligible adult MPGN patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 in the Helsinki University Hospital district, Finland, were reviewed retrospectively and asked for a follow-up outpatient visit for extensive laboratory analyses. Thirty-seven (62%) had IC-MPGN and 23 (38%) C3G (including one patient with dense deposit disease, DDD). EGFR was below normal (≤60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in 67% of the entire study population, 58% had nephrotic range proteinuria, and a significant proportion had paraproteins in their serum or urine. A classical MPGN-type pattern was seen in only 34% of the whole study population and histological features were similarly distributed. Treatments at baseline or during follow-up did not differ between the groups, nor were there significant differences observed in complement activity or component levels at the follow-up visit. The risk of end-stage kidney disease and survival probability were similar in the groups. IC-MPGN and C3G have surprisingly similar characteristics, kidney and overall survival, which suggests that the current subdivision of MPGN does not add substantial clinical value to the assessment of renal prognosis. The high proportion of paraproteins in patient sera or in urine suggests their involvement in disease development

Vascular Occlusion in Kidney Biopsy Is Characteristic of Clinically Manifesting Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) can sometimes manifest only histologically. Our aim was to retrospectively compare biopsy-proven adult TMA patients showing only histological (h-TMA) or both histological and clinical (c-TMA) TMA in 2006-2017. All native kidney biopsies with TMA were included. Biopsies were re-evaluated by light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, and treatments were recorded from the electronic medical database. Patients were categorized into h-TMA and c-TMA and these groups were compared. In total, 30 biopsy-proven cases among 7943 kidney biopsies were identified and, of these, 15 had h-TMA and 15 c-TMA. Mean follow-up was 6.3 y, and 73.3% had secondary hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and the rest were atypical HUS. Patient characteristics, treatments, and kidney, and patient survival in the groups were similar. Statistically significant differences were found in histological variables. Vascular myxoid swelling and vascular onion-skinning were almost exclusively detected in c-TMA and, thus, vascular occlusive changes indicate clinically apparent rather than merely histological TMA. In addition, regardless of clinical presentation, kidney and patient survival times were similar in the patient groups highlighting the importance of a kidney biopsy in the case of any kidney-related symptoms.Peer reviewe

Vascular Occlusion in Kidney Biopsy Is Characteristic of Clinically Manifesting Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) can sometimes manifest only histologically. Our aim was to retrospectively compare biopsy-proven adult TMA patients showing only histological (h-TMA) or both histological and clinical (c-TMA) TMA in 2006–2017. All native kidney biopsies with TMA were included. Biopsies were re-evaluated by light and electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, and treatments were recorded from the electronic medical database. Patients were categorized into h-TMA and c-TMA and these groups were compared. In total, 30 biopsy-proven cases among 7943 kidney biopsies were identified and, of these, 15 had h-TMA and 15 c-TMA. Mean follow-up was 6.3 y, and 73.3% had secondary hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and the rest were atypical HUS. Patient characteristics, treatments, and kidney, and patient survival in the groups were similar. Statistically significant differences were found in histological variables. Vascular myxoid swelling and vascular onion-skinning were almost exclusively detected in c-TMA and, thus, vascular occlusive changes indicate clinically apparent rather than merely histological TMA. In addition, regardless of clinical presentation, kidney and patient survival times were similar in the patient groups highlighting the importance of a kidney biopsy in the case of any kidney-related symptoms