Sijoituslannoituksen kehityksestä ja tutkimustoiminnasta Suomessa

The placement of fertilizer in connection with sowing of cereal has become very popular in Finland within the last 10 years. Today we generally place fertilizer and drill seed at the same time with a fertilizer placement drill, which drills seed to rows and places fertilizer between every other row. We also use machines, fertilizer and seed drills, with which the sowing and the fertilizer placement are done with the same coulters in different operations. Shares of the drill coulters can also be turnable so that one end is a fertilizer coulter and the other a seed coulter. The sale of fertilizer placement drills is at present about 10 times larger than the total sale of traditional seed drills in Finland. There have been many field experiments in the placement of fertilizer with spring cereals in Finland. The placement of fertilizer into a depth of 8—10 cm has increased grain yields of spring cereals on an average about 14 percent. The increase in grain yields has varied between 0—40 % in different yers. The placement of fertilizer has improved most the availability of nitrogen, next of potassium and then of phosphorus. The placement has also accelerated ripening. The crude protein content of the grain yield has decreased somewhat by the placement of fertilizer. Sprinkler irrigation did not appear to reduce the effect of placement of the fertilizer. These two methods form a highly efficient combination

Sijoituslannoituksen kehityksestä ja tutkimustoiminnasta Suomessa

The placement of fertilizer in connection with sowing of cereal has become very popular in Finland within the last 10 years. Today we generally place fertilizer and drill seed at the same time with a fertilizer placement drill, which drills seed to rows and places fertilizer between every other row. We also use machines, fertilizer and seed drills, with which the sowing and the fertilizer placement are done with the same coulters in different operations. Shares of the drill coulters can also be turnable so that one end is a fertilizer coulter and the other a seed coulter. The sale of fertilizer placement drills is at present about 10 times larger than the total sale of traditional seed drills in Finland. There have been many field experiments in the placement of fertilizer with spring cereals in Finland. The placement of fertilizer into a depth of 8—10 cm has increased grain yields of spring cereals on an average about 14 percent. The increase in grain yields has varied between 0—40 % in different yers. The placement of fertilizer has improved most the availability of nitrogen, next of potassium and then of phosphorus. The placement has also accelerated ripening. The crude protein content of the grain yield has decreased somewhat by the placement of fertilizer. Sprinkler irrigation did not appear to reduce the effect of placement of the fertilizer. These two methods form a highly efficient combination

Sijoituslannoituksen kehityksestä ja tutkimustoiminnasta Suomessa

vokKirjasto Aj-KOn The development and field experiments of fertilizer placement in Finlan

Pre-conception dietary patterns in human pregnancies are associated with preterm delivery

Maternal nutrition can have a profound effect on fetal growth, development, and subsequent infant birth weight. Preconception dietary patterns have not been assessed in relation to perinatal outcomes. The objectives of this study were to identify associations between maternal dietary patterns in the 12 mo before conception on fetal growth and preterm delivery. Preconception food frequency data were collected retrospectively in 309 women. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Perinatal outcomes were collected at delivery with birth weight data calculated into percentiles to assess small and large for gestational age and preterm delivery at <37 wk. Three dietary patterns were identified: 1) high-protein/fruit (characterized by fish, meat, chicken, fruit, and some whole grains); 2) high-fat/sugar/takeaway (takeaway foods, potato chips, refined grains); and 3) vegetarian-type (vegetables, legumes, whole grains). A 1-SD increase in the scores on the high-protein/fruit pattern was associated with decreased likelihood of preterm birth (adjusted OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.72; P = 0.007), whereas the reverse direction was apparent for the high-fat/sugar/takeaway pattern (adjusted OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.15; P = 0.011). A 1-SD increase in the scores on the high fat/sugar/takeaway pattern was also associated with shorter gestation (adjusted regression coefficient: -2.7; 95% CI: -4.3, -1.1; P = 0.001) and birth length (adjusted regression coefficient: -0.5; 95% CI: -0.8, -0.1; P = 0.004). Nutrition before pregnancy is associated with perinatal outcomes. A dietary pattern containing several protein-rich food sources, fruit, and some whole grains is associated with reduced likelihood for preterm delivery, whereas a dietary pattern mainly consisting of discretionary items is associated with preterm delivery, shorter birth length, and earlier gestation. Poor dietary behaviors in the periconceptional period could be altered to promote behavior change in dietary intake to improve perinatal outcomes and the long-term health of the child.Jessica A. Grieger, Luke E. Grzeskowiak, and Vicki L. Clifto