A new member of the family Reoviridae may contribute to severe crumbly fruit in red raspberry, Rubus idaeus ‘Meeker’

AbstractA virus induced crumbly fruit disease of considerable importance in ‘Meeker’ and other cultivars of red raspberry has been observed in northern Washington, USA, and British Columbia, Canada and to a lesser extent in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), a pollen-borne virus, has been considered the causal agent of the disease. However, dsRNA extractions from raspberry plants exhibiting severe crumbly fruit in northern Washington revealed multiple bands in addition to those corresponding to RBDV (5.5kb and 2.2kb). Sequence analyses of these dsRNAs showed the presence of two additional viruses. One has significant amino acid identity to proteins encoded by Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), a ten-segmented dsRNA Oryzavirus that belongs to the family Reoviridae. Thus far, all dsRNA segments, except the one that corresponds to S6 of RRSV, have been fully sequenced and found to have characteristic features of other plant reoviruses genomes. In addition, Raspberry leaf mottle virus (RLMV), a recently characterized member of the Closteroviridae, has also been identified from raspberries with severe crumbly fruit. These findings along with the lack of severe crumbly fruit symptoms in ‘Meeker’ red raspberry singly infected with RBDV in Oregon, suggest the existence of a novel virus complex associated with severe crumbly fruit in red raspberries. The complex may involve RBDV, RLMV and/or this new reovirus, provisionally named Raspberry latent virus (RpLV). Keywords: Raspberry crumbly fruit, Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, Raspberry leaf mottle virus, Raspberry leaf spot virus, plant reoviruses

Origin of the butterfly magnetoresistance in a Dirac nodal-line system

We report a study on the magnetotransport properties and on the Fermi surfaces (FS) of the ZrSi(Se,Te) semimetals. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, in absence of spin orbit coupling (SOC), reveal that both the Se and the Te compounds display Dirac nodal lines (DNL) close to the Fermi level $\varepsilon_F$ at symmorphic and non-symmorphic positions, respectively. We find that the geometry of their FSs agrees well with DFT predictions. ZrSiSe displays low residual resistivities, pronounced magnetoresistivity, high carrier mobilities, and a butterfly-like angle-dependent magnetoresistivity (AMR), although its DNL is not protected against gap opening. As in Cd$_3$As$_2$, its transport lifetime is found to be 10$^2$ to 10$^3$ times larger than its quantum one. ZrSiTe, which possesses a protected DNL, displays conventional transport properties. Our evaluation indicates that both compounds most likely are topologically trivial. Nearly angle-independent effective masses with strong angle dependent quantum lifetimes lead to the butterfly AMR in ZrSiSe

Métodos não farmacológicos de controlo da dor no trabalho de parto: revisão narrativa de literatura

O parto é um momento único e marcante na vida de uma mulher, sendo muitas vezes associado a dor, mitos e medos. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa de literatura é perceber quais os métodos não farmacológicos que existem e são mais usuais para controlar a dor no trabalho de parto. Foi realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo. Após definidos os Palavras-chave e os critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados sete artigos que constituem a amostra final desta revisão. Conclui-se que a utilização de métodos não farmacológicos promove o alívio da dor no trabalho de parto e também uma maior sensação de controlo por parte da mulher

Seasonal Phenology of Amphorophora agathonica (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Spread of Viruses in Red Raspberry in Washington

Amphorophora agathonica (Hottes) is the primary vector of aphid-transmitted viruses in red raspberry in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. To better understand the biology of the aphid, we estimated the lower developmental threshold and studied the seasonal activity of A. agathonica in commercial fields in northern Washington state. In addition, we monitored the spread of raspberry viruses (raspberry latent virus and raspberry leaf mottle virus, RLMV) to determine how rapidly fields became infected and whether there was a relationship between aphid presence and infection. The lower developmental threshold of A. agathonica was estimated to be 2.7°C. In the field, apterous and alate aphid populations began rapidly increasing at ≈800 growing degree-days and peaked at 1,050 growing degree-days. RLMV spread rapidly, with 30–60% of plants in four different commercial fields testing positive after three growing seasons. There was no discernible relationship between the presence or abundance of aphids based on 10 leaves sampled per plant location, and the odds of that plant becoming infected with RLMV.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the Entomological Society of America and can be found at: http://www.bioone.org/loi/enveKeywords: Reoviridae, Closteroviridae, RpLV, RLMV, Raspberry aphi

Transmission Biology of Raspberry latent virus, the First Aphid-Borne Reovirus

Raspberry latent virus (RpLV) is a newly characterized reovirus found in commercial raspberry fields in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Thus far, all members of the plant reoviruses are transmitted in a replicative, persistent manner by several species of leafhoppers or planthoppers. After several failed attempts to transmit RpLV using leafhoppers, the large raspberry aphid, commonly found in the PNW, was tested as a vector of the virus. The virus was transmitted to new, healthy raspberry plants when inoculated with groups of at least 50 viruliferous aphids, suggesting that aphids are vectors of RpLV, albeit inefficient ones. Using absolute and relative quantification methods, it was shown that the virus titer in aphids continued to increase after the acquisition period even when aphids were serially transferred onto fresh, healthy plants on a daily basis. Transmission experiments determined that RpLV has a 6-day latent period in the aphid before it becomes transmissible; however, it was not transmitted transovarially to the next generation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant reovirus transmitted by an aphid. Phylogenetic analyses showed that RpLV is related most closely to but distinct from Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), the type member of the genus Oryzavirus. Moreover, the conserved nucleotide termini of the genomic segments of RpLV did not match those of RRSV or other plant reoviruses, allowing us to suggest that RpLV is probably the type member of a new genus in the Reoviridae comprising aphid-transmitted reoviruses.Keywords: Plant viruses, Identification, Whitefly bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, RT-PRC, Vector interactions, Mottle viru

The Genetics and Genomics of Virus Resistance in Maize

Viruses cause significant diseases on maize worldwide. Intensive agronomic practices, changes in vector distribution, and the introduction of vectors and viruses into new areas can result in emerging disease problems. Because deployment of resistant hybrids and cultivars is considered to be both economically viable and environmentally sustainable, genes and quantitative trait loci for most economically important virus diseases have been identified. Examination of multiple studies indicates the importance of regions of maize chromosomes 2, 3, 6, and 10 in virus resistance. An understanding of the molecular basis of virus resistance in maize is beginning to emerge, and two genes conferring resistance to sugarcane mosaic virus, Scmv1 and Scmv2, have been cloned and characterized. Recent studies provide hints of other pathways and genes critical to virus resistance in maize, but further work is required to determine the roles of these in virus susceptibility and resistance. This research will be facilitated by rapidly advancing technologies for functional analysis of genes in maize

La Ingeniería Automotriz clave para el desarrollo sostenible de Ecuador

El presente texto es una contribución al desarrollo de la sostenibilidad ecuatoriana y mantiene el debate sobre temas del estudio de la Ingeniería Automotriz. El mérito del libro radica en una triple condición: alimenta la investigación académica ecuatoriana, contribuye a llenar el vacío de producción científica automotriz direccionada a las necesidades del Ecuador y reconoce el esfuerzo de los investigadores que se dedican a la producción académica técnica. La Universidad Politécnica Salesiana —en su sede Guayaquil— realizó en 2018, las Segundas Jornadas Científicas de Ingeniería Automotriz; este texto es el producto final de ese evento académico, cuyas memorias técnicas son constituidas por ocho resultados de investigaciones en Ingeniería Automotriz que aportarán desarrollo sostenible al Ecuador en áreas como: el diseño, el control de contaminación, la eficiencia energética y la movilidad. Este recorrido por varias ramas de la Ingeniería Automotriz muestra al lector múltiples aplicaciones y cambios de paradigmas en la industria; no somos solamente consumidores de tecnología, somos también productores de la misma. Este texto da cuenta del desarrollo de la industria automotriz ecuatoriana. Ing. Renato Fierro J. MSc

Estado derecho y soberanía

Licenciado en Ciencias SocialesCuenc

Doa Harian di Bulan Ramadhan

Berdoalah sepanjang bulan Ramadhan. Karena ini adalah bulan rahmat dan ampunan. Inilah bulan Allah akan mengabulkan doa-doa hamba yang bersungguh-sungguh dalam berdoa.127 hal : 17 x 15 c

Risalah hak asasi wanita : studi komparatif antara pandangan Islam dan Deklarasi Universal HAM

112 hal .; 20 cm