Enriched interactions which support speech and language development: short- and medium-term effects (6 months) of parental guidance in logopedics

peer reviewedThe aim of parent based language intervention is to help parents of children with language disorders to play a main part in their child’s linguistic development by adjusting the speech addressed to them. This study focuses on the efficiency of our intervention methods and of indirect therapy. We analyze four dyads filmed at three different points in time: 1) before the intervention;2) directly after the sessions with the speech therapists; 3) six months later. Each film was transcribed and analyzed. The results confirm that parental based language intervention induces long-term changes in the parents’ behavior.La guidance logopédique parentale vise à aider des parents d’enfants en difficulté langagière à tenir un rôle d’acteur principal dans le développement langagier de leurs enfants, en leur fournissant un langage plus adapté à ses difficultés. Cette étude s’intéresse à l’efficacité de cette méthode d’intervention en analysant quatre dyades parent/enfant filmées à trois reprises : avant la prise en charge, directement après les sessions de formation et 6 mois plus tard. Chaque film a été transcrit et analysé. Les résultats confirment que la guidance parentale induit des changements de comportement des parents dont l’effet persiste à long terme

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Relationship between microstructure, microhardness and corrosion sensitivity of an AA 2024-T3 friction stir welded joint

Corrosion sensitivity of a friction stir welded (FSW) AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy has been investigated using both normalized intergranular corrosion test (ASTM-G110) and local electrochemical open circuit potential measurements. In addition, Vickers microhardness and microstructural analysis have been performed. The HAZ close to the TMAZ is the most sensitive to intergranular corrosion because of the presence of continuous lines of S′(S) intergranular precipitates at grain boundaries. Pitting corrosion is due to the intermetallic particles. Their fragmentation produced by stirring effect modifies the pitting corrosion behavior. Microhardness variations depend on the relative volume fraction of GPB zones and S′(S) intragranular precipitates

Local electrochemical study of friction stir welded aluminum alloy assembly

The friction stir welded (FSW) assembly of 2050-T8 and 7449-T79 was studied by local electrochemical techniques, namely SECM and LEIS, under non-corrosive and low corrosive conditions. During the FSW process, it generates different well defined microstructural zones giving rise to a galvanic coupling at their interfaces. SECM and LEIS measurements were carried out to investigate the local electrochemical behavior around these interfaces. SECM results clearly showed a change of the electrochemical kinetic on the passive layer between both materials in the different microstructural zones of the welded assembly whereas the LEIS techniques allowed the investigation of the interface on a larger scale

A multiomics dataset for the study of RNA modifications in human macrophage differentiation and polarisation

Abstract RNA modifications have emerged as central regulators of gene expression programs. Amongst RNA modifications are N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and RNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). While m6A is established as a versatile regulator of RNA metabolism, the functions of RNA 5hmC are unclear. Despite some evidence linking RNA modifications to immunity, their implications in gene expression control in macrophage development and functions remain unclear. Here we present a multi-omics dataset capturing different layers of the gene expression programs driving macrophage differentiation and polarisation. We obtained mRNA-Seq, m6A-IP-Seq, 5hmC-IP-Seq, Polyribo-Seq and LC-MS/MS data from monocytes and resting-, pro- and anti-inflammatory-like macrophages. We present technical validation showing high quality and correlation between samples for all datasets, and evidence of biological consistency of modelled macrophages at the transcriptomic, epitranscriptomic, translational and proteomic levels. This multi-omics dataset provides a resource for the study of RNA m6A and 5hmC in the context of macrophage biology and spans the gene expression process from transcripts to proteins

Global Analysis of Influence of Contacts on Heusler-Based Thermoelectric Modules

Interest in waste heat recovery using thermoelectricity has increased in recent decades. To date, most such research and development has focused on high-performance and/or low-cost materials. However, for practical applications, modules based on these materials are needed. This work presents the development and optimization of modules based on the low-cost Fe2VAl Heusler compound. It depicts a global analysis of the assembly in terms of the microstructure of the joint, the contact resistances, and the module performance. Based on this analysis, a generic method for developing joining solutions for new thermoelectric materials is proposed. Using this method, the diffusion bonding technique leading to electrical contact resistance of 5.9 10^-9 Ohm.m^2 is highlighted and a thermoelectric module with power density above 500 W/m^2 for a temperature difference of 200 K develope

Effets à court et moyen terme (6 mois) d’une guidance parentale orthophonique proposée à des parents d’enfants présentant un retard de développement du langage

Les caractéristiques du langage adressé à l’enfant ont un impact important sur l’acquisition langagière, tant chez les enfants présentant un développement normal du langage que pour ceux qui ont des troubles langagiers. Mais, pour ces derniers, le bénéfice lié à un input optimal est plus important que chez les enfants sans trouble (Snow, 1994). Malheureusement, en raison même du retard de développement du langage, l’ajustement du langage de l’adulte à l’enfant est rendu plus difficile (D’Ordorico & Jacob, 2006). On se trouve dans une spirale négative : les enfants fragiles au niveau langagier dépendent plus que leurs pairs de la qualité de l’input qui leur est proposé et, à cause de leurs difficultés langagières, ils suscitent des interactions moins riches et moins à même de les soutenir dans leur développement langagier ultérieur. Face à ce constat, des programmes d’intervention ont été mis en place (Girolametto, Weitzman, & Greenberg, 2004). Dans ce travail, nous présenterons les résultats obtenus suite à une session de guidance parentale organisée avec les parents de 4 enfants d’environ 4 ans présentant un retard de développement de langage. L’objectif de cette formation est d’aider les parents à tenir un rôle d’acteur principal dans le développement langagier de leur enfant, en lui donnant des occasions de communiquer, en suivant ses intérêts, en le plaçant dans des routines prévisibles et familières, et en lui fournissant un langage plus adapté à ses difficultés. Dans un premier temps, chaque enfant a été filmé en interaction avec ses parents afin de disposer de mesures pré-thérapeutiques concernant le niveau langagier et communicatif de l’enfant et les stratégies d’interaction parentales. Ensuite, deux orthophonistes ont travaillé avec le groupe de parents afin de les familiariser aux stratégies utilisées dans les programmes d’intervention parentale. Ces stratégies sont les suivantes (Girolametto, 2004) : 1) les stratégies centrées sur l’enfant (par exemple, se mettre au niveau de l’enfant, attendre que l’enfant initie l'interaction) ; 2) les stratégies de promotion de l’interaction (par exemple, encourager l’enfant à prendre leur tour dans une interaction, à poser des questions) ; 3) les stratégies de modelage du langage (par exemple, l’expansion, la reformulation, etc). Enfin, deux séances de post-thérapie ont été réalisées, la première directement après la session de formation, la seconde 6 mois plus tard. Chaque film a été transcrit et analysé. Les résultats, qui seront présentés et discutés, ont des implications importantes en termes de prise en charge précoce des enfants présentant des troubles de développement langagier

Ultra-stable optical frequency and accurate timing signal dissemination using telecommunication network

Optical fibre links have been developed to transfer an ultrastable optical frequency between distant laboratories for time and frequency metrology and high-precision measurements. We will review the specificity of this technique, its performance and a few applications

Cascaded optical fiber link using the internet network for remote clocks comparison

We report a cascaded optical link of 1100 km for ultra-stable frequency distribution over an Internet fiber network. The link is composed of four spans for which the propagation noise is actively compensated. The robustness and the performance of the link are ensured by five fully automated optoelectronic stations, two of them at the link ends, and three deployed on the field and connecting the spans. This device coherently regenerates the optical signal with the heterodyne optical phase locking of a low-noise laser diode. Optical detection of the beat-note signals for the laser lock and the link noise compensation are obtained with stable and low-noise fibered optical interferometer. We show 3.5 days of continuous operation of the noise-compensated 4-span cascaded link leading to fractional frequency instability of 4x10 −16 at 1-s measurement time and 1x10 −19 at 2000 s. This cascaded link was extended to 1480-km with the same performance. This work is a significant step towards a sustainable wide area ultra-stable optical frequency distribution and comparison network at a very high level of performance