The Drought in Chile and La Niña

Precipitation is one of the climatic elements most affected by the presence of La Niña in Chile. An important precipitation deficit begins during La Niña events, from latitude 45°S to the north. This deficit prevails most of the year, with winter (April–September) being most vulnerable to these anomalies. The central region of Chile (30°S to 40°S) has negative anomalies, with precipitation values 35% to 100% below the climatologic annual average. These rain deficiencies in Chile are determined by the persistence of anomalies of anticyclonal circulation of middle and subtropical latititudes and an area of anomalies of cyclonic circulation in the sub-polar latitudes, from a north–south dipole of positive and negative anomalies of geopotential height in the mid troposphere. In Chile, La Niña usually produces air temperatures lower than normal, with deviations ranging from 0°C to -1°C. The social and economic impacts of La Niña events in Chile are serious. Agriculture, cattle and timber industries, energy, and industrial sectors are the most affected

Two-phase RTD-CMOS pipelined circuits

MOnostable-BIstable Logic Element (MOBILE) networks can be operated in a gate-level pipelined fashion (nanopipeline) allowing high through output. Resonant tunneling diode (RTD)-based MOBILE nanopipelined circuits have been reported using different clock schemes including a four-phase strategy and a single-phase clock scheme. In particular, significant power advantages of single-phase RTD-CMOS MOBILE circuits over pure CMOS have been shown. This letter compares the RTD-CMOS realizations using a single clock and a novel two-phase clock solution. Significant superior robustness and performance in terms of power and area are obtained for the two-phase implementations

Generación de calor utilizando mortero conductor de electricidad para determinar su potencial como elemento de calefacción en viviendas

Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)En Chile existe una dependencia de artefactos de calefacción a base de combustibles fósiles o leña, por ser las fuentes más económicas de generación de energía, siendo un factor incidente en la calidad de vida de las personas al producir contaminación intradomiciliaria y en consecuencia, ser un factor que aumenta la posibilidad de enfermar en épocas de mayor frío ambiental. El uso de elementos eléctricos es restringido a algunos niveles socioeconómicos, por el alto costo de operación de los mismos. En nuestra investigación, aplicando el concepto de calentamiento por Efecto Joule sobre mortero conductor, verificamos que tiene un potencial para ser implementado como método de calefacción en viviendas al someter a pruebas de generación de calor probetas elaboradas con dicho mortero, y además determinar una dosificación de fibras de carbono como agregado conductor

La calidad, premisa del proceso docente pos COVID-19

La calidad, premisa del proceso docente pos COVID-1

La calidad, premisa del proceso docente pos COVID-19

La calidad, premisa del proceso docente pos COVID-1

RTD based logic circuits using generalized threshold gates

Many logic circuit applications of Resonant Tunneling Diodes are based on the MOnostable-BIstable Logic Element (MOBILE). Threshold logic is a computational model widely used in the design of MOBILE circuits, i.e. these circuits are built from threshold gates (TGs). The MOBILE realization of generalized threshold gates is being investigated. Multi-Threshold Threshold Gates (MTTGs) have been proposed which further increase the functionality of the original TGs. Recently, we have proposed a novel MOBILE circuit topology obtained by fundamental properties of threshold functions. This paper describes the design of n-bit adders using these novel MOBILE circuit topologies. A comparison with designs based on TGs and MTTGs is carried out showing advantages in terms of speed and power delay product and device counts.España, Gobierno TEC2007-67245Junta de Andalucía EXC/2007/TIC-296

Fortune or Virtue: Time-Variant Volatilities Versus Parameter Drifting in U.S. Data

This paper compares the role of stochastic volatility versus changes in monetary policy rules in accounting for the time-varying volatility of U.S. aggregate data. Of special interest to us is understanding the sources of the great moderation of business cycle fluctuations that the U.S. economy experienced between 1984 and 2007. To explore this issue, we build a medium-scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with both stochastic volatility and parameter drifting in the Taylor rule and we estimate it non-linearly using U.S. data and Bayesian methods. Methodologically, we show how to confront such a rich model with the data by exploiting the structure of the high-order approximation to the decision rules that characterize the equilibrium of the economy. Our main empirical findings are: 1) even after controlling for stochastic volatility (and there is a fair amount of it), there is overwhelming evidence of changes in monetary policy during the analyzed period; 2) however, these changes in monetary policy mattered little for the great moderation; 3) most of the great performance of the U.S. economy during the 1990s was a result of good shocks; and 4) the response of monetary policy to inflation under Burns, Miller, and Greenspan was similar, while it was much higher under Volcker.DSGE models, Stochastic volatility, Parameter drifting, Bayesian methods

Supply-side policies and the zero lower bound

This paper examines how supply-side policies may play a role in fighting a low aggregate demand that traps an economy at the zero lower bound (ZLB) of nominal interest rates. Future increases in productivity or reductions in mark-ups triggered by supply-side policies generate a wealth effect that pulls current consumption and output up. Since the economy is at the ZLB, increases in the interest rates do not undo this wealth effect, as we will have in the case outside the ZLB. The authors illustrate this mechanism with a simple two-period New Keynesian model. They discuss possible objections to this set of policies and the relation of supply-side policies with more conventional monetary and fiscal policies.Supply-side economics ; Keynesian economics