Spatiotemporal seed transfer zones as an efficient restoration strategy in response to climate change

Restoration of wild plant populations in a changing environment is not a simple task, and it becomes increasingly complex and challenging in the context of climate change. In the present study, a spatiotemporal approach was used to delimit provisional seed transfer zones (STZs), for restoration activities involving two wild perennial grasses in Argentina. Ecogeographical land characterization maps were built specifically for the two species of Trichloris genus for the present bioclimatic conditions to define the different STZs; then, they were projected for two future climate scenarios (2050 and 2070). This allowed us to identify populations occurring in cells that underwent changes in ecogeographical categories, potential future beneficiaries of germplasm, and populations that could be used as corresponding source populations under the present conditions. Finally, the conservation status of populations was surveyed and a germplasm collection for future restoration activities was proposed. For the 2050 scenario, for Trichloris crinita, 32 potential beneficiary populations belonging to nine changing categories were identified, whereas for Trichloris pluriflora, four changing categories determined seven beneficiary populations. The number of changing categories and, consequently, the beneficiary populations increased in the 2070 scenario in both species. Several potential seed source populations are already stored in Argentine germplasm banks, but there is little representation of potential beneficiary populations. Spatial locations of still non-conserved populations, both seed sources and beneficiaries, were prioritized for future germplasm collecting missions. This novel approach used for Trichloris spp. can also be adopted for other species for collection and/or restoration purposes in the light of climate change.Fil: Marinoni, Lorena del Rosario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Parra Quijano, Héctor Mauricio. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Zabala, Juan Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Pensiero, Jose Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Iriondo Alegría, José María. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; Españ

La hiperglucemia intrahospitalaria es más importante que el antecedente de diabetes para predecir la aparición de desenlaces clínicos adversos en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19

Contexto: en pacientes con COVID-19, la diabetes mellitus y la hiperglucemia son condiciones prevalentes. La literatura es escasa en cuanto a la asociación de estas dos variables con desenlaces desfavorables en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre hiperglucemia y la aparición de desenlaces adversos en pacientes con COVID-19. Metodología: estudio de cohorte retrospectiva en el que se evaluó la asociación entre presentar hiperglucemia con la aparición de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA), lesión renal aguda (LRA) y muerte intrahospitalaria en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Resultados: se incluyeron 408 pacientes (edad media 60.48, 58.8 % hombres, 34.1 % con diabetes, 40.4 % con hiperglucemia intrahospitalaria). La hiperglucemia se asoció de forma independiente a un mayor riesgo de SDRA (OR: 1.84, IC 95 %: 1.15 – 2.94; p=0.001), LRA (OR: 2.73; IC: 1.24–5.96; p=0.012) y muerte intrahospitalaria (OR: 2.61; IC: 1.20–5.68; p=0.015) después de controlar por variables de confusión. El antecedente de diabetes no se asoció de forma independiente con un mayor riesgo en ninguno de los tres desenlaces adversos. Conclusiones: la hiperglucemia se asocia de forma independiente con peores desenlaces en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 a diferencia de la diabetes mellitus

Editorial

Abrimos este nuevo número de la revista Agronomía Colombiana, con una distinción especial a una de las personas que hizo de este proyecto editorial un importante y significativo medio de difusión científicotécnico del sector agrícola del país. Este reconocimiento y admiración es para el profesor Gerhard Fischer, quien durante más de 10 años estuvo a cargo de la dirección de la revista Agronomía Colombiana; pero ¿Quién es Gerhard Fischer

On-farm conservation priorities through a multicriteria monospecific approach

13 Pág.  Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR)Landraces are key plant genetic resources because of their adaptation to the local environment, which makes them likely to contain alleles or gene complexes that confer local adaptation. After massive loss of landraces in the past century, the diversity that persists in farms is currently threatened and, thus, it must be safeguarded with the highest priority. On-farm conservation is an important management approach that allows landraces to evolve according to environmental changes. A methodological approach to systematic identification of the most appropriate areas (MAPAs) for on-farm conservation of landraces is presented, using Spanish tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces as a case study. Among a set of potential factors that might condition the selection of the MAPAs, a panel of experts determined that the most important criteria in the assessment of the MAPAs were related to agrobiodiversity and to ecogeographical parameters. For each important criterion, a specific 5- by 5-km resolution GIS layer was created, and six different prioritization strategies were applied on the area of study to obtain a final priority value per cell and then an average priority value per county. The MAPAs were assigned to the counties with the highest average priority values according to the selected strategy. They were widely distributed in rural areas across the Iberian Peninsula mainly in the autonomous communities of Valencia, the Basque Country, Extremadura, northern Andalusia, Catalonia, northern Aragon, and western Castilla-La Mancha. The methodological approach and priority counties identified could be used by governmental agencies to allocate in situ conservation projects.We are also very grateful to the following organizations involved in the conservation of agrobiodiversity, for their kind assistance: Associació de Varietats Locals de les Illes Balears, Asociación de Agricultura ecológica Tierra Fértil, Centro Zahoz, CERES Castilla y León, Ecollavors, Grupo de Semillas de APAEM, La Troje, Llavors d'Ací, Red Andaluza de Semillas, Red Asturiana de Semillas, Red Canaria de Semillas, Red de Hortelanos del Sobrarbe, Red de Semillas de Cantabria, Red de Semillas de la Palma, and Xarxa Catalana de Graners.Peer reviewe

Conserving plants in gene banks and nature: investigating complementarity with Trifolium thompsonii Morton

A standard conservation strategy for plant genetic resources integrates in situ (on-farm or wild) and ex situ (gene or field bank) approaches. Gene bank managers collect ex situ accessions that represent a comprehensive snap shot of the genetic diversity of in situ populations at a given time and place. Although simple in theory, achieving complementary in situ and ex situ holdings is challenging. Using Trifolium thompsonii as a model insect-pollinated herbaceous perennial species, we used AFLP markers to compare genetic diversity and structure of ex situ accessions collected at two time periods (1995, 2004) from four locations, with their corresponding in situ populations sampled in 2009. Our goal was to assess the complementarity of the two approaches. We examined how gene flow, selection and genetic drift contributed to population change. Across locations, we found no difference in diversity between ex situ and in situ samples. One population showed a decline in genetic diversity over the 15 years studied. Population genetic differentiation among the four locations was significant, but weak. Association tests suggested infrequent, long distance gene flow. Selection and drift occurred, but differences due to spatial effects were three times as strong as differences attributed to temporal effects, and suggested recollection efforts could occur at intervals greater than fifteen years. An effective collecting strategy for insect pollinated herbaceous perennial species was to sample >150 plants, equalize maternal contribution, and sample along random transects with sufficient space between plants to minimize intrafamilial sampling. Quantifying genetic change between ex situ and in situ accessions allows genetic resource managers to validate ex situ collecting and maintenance protocols, develop appropriate recollection intervals, and provide an early detection mechanism for identifying problematic conditions that can be addressed to prevent further decline in vulnerable in situ populations

Multi-Criteria Analysis for the Prioritization of Areas for the In Situ Conservation of <i>Crataegus</i> L., an Underutilized Fruit Tree in Mexico

Complementary ex situ and in situ conservation, including the on-farm alternative, is a highly desired and dynamic strategy that allows the natural evolution of the conserved germplasm. Due to the high costs involved, in addition to the limitations of both economic and human resources, in situ conservation must focus on areas where the greatest benefits are obtained, and the efforts made result in better impacts. Therefore, using spatial multi-criteria analysis and expert knowledge, 22 and 23 criteria were obtained as important for the conservation of wild and cultivated hawthorn, respectively. Criteria weights were calculated by the analytic hierarchy process and expert knowledge. The results showed species richness, phenotypic and ecogeographic diversity, and areas not covered by the official protected areas network were the most important criteria for in situ conservation of wild hawthorn. Prioritized areas were particularly focused in Chiapas, State of Mexico and Morelos. The prioritized areas for the in situ conservation of cultivated hawthorn were mostly defined by criteria such as number of cultivated varieties, number of uses, phenotypic diversity, ecogeographical diversity, and areas with rainfed agriculture. These areas were located mainly in Puebla. From this study, we propose a list of priority areas for the in situ conservation of both cultivated and wild hawthorn

Table_4_Searching for Abiotic Tolerant and Biotic Stress Resistant Wild Lentils for Introgression Breeding Through Predictive Characterization.XLSX

Supplementary Material 4: Total number of evaluated accessions and number of accessions evaluated for lentil rust and broomrape. No. acc = number of accessions assessed; No. cty = number of countries were material was collected in origin. * Some countries host sampled populations of more than one taxon.Crop wild relatives are species related to cultivated plants, whose populations have evolved in natural conditions and confer them valuable adaptive genetic diversity, that can be used in introgression breeding programs. Targeting four wild lentil taxa in Europe, we applied the predictive characterization approach through the filtering method to identify populations potentially tolerant to drought, salinity, and waterlogging. In parallel, the calibration method was applied to select wild populations potentially resistant to lentil rust and broomrape, using, respectively, 351 and 204 accessions evaluated for these diseases. An ecogeographic land characterization map was used to incorporate potential genetic diversity of adaptive value. We identified 13, 1, 21, and 30 populations potentially tolerant to drought, soil salinity, waterlogging, or resistance to rust, respectively. The models targeting broomrape resistance did not adjust well and thus, we were not able to select any population regarding this trait. The systematic use of predictive characterization techniques may boost the efficiency of introgression breeding programs by increasing the chances of collecting the most appropriate populations for the desired traits. However, these populations must still be experimentally tested to confirm the predictions.Peer reviewe

Table_1_Searching for Abiotic Tolerant and Biotic Stress Resistant Wild Lentils for Introgression Breeding Through Predictive Characterization.XLSX

Supplementary Material 1: List of variables used for the selection of factors conditioning wild lentil species distribution in Europe and Turkey.Crop wild relatives are species related to cultivated plants, whose populations have evolved in natural conditions and confer them valuable adaptive genetic diversity, that can be used in introgression breeding programs. Targeting four wild lentil taxa in Europe, we applied the predictive characterization approach through the filtering method to identify populations potentially tolerant to drought, salinity, and waterlogging. In parallel, the calibration method was applied to select wild populations potentially resistant to lentil rust and broomrape, using, respectively, 351 and 204 accessions evaluated for these diseases. An ecogeographic land characterization map was used to incorporate potential genetic diversity of adaptive value. We identified 13, 1, 21, and 30 populations potentially tolerant to drought, soil salinity, waterlogging, or resistance to rust, respectively. The models targeting broomrape resistance did not adjust well and thus, we were not able to select any population regarding this trait. The systematic use of predictive characterization techniques may boost the efficiency of introgression breeding programs by increasing the chances of collecting the most appropriate populations for the desired traits. However, these populations must still be experimentally tested to confirm the predictions.Peer reviewe